Effect of the Nature of the Particles Released from Bone Level Dental Implants: Physicochemical and Biological Characterization

Vara, Juan Carlos; Delgado, Juan J.; Estrada-Martínez, Alejandro; Pérez-Pevida, Esteban; Brizuela-Velasco, Aritza; Bosch, Begoña M.; Pérez, Román A.; Mur, Francisco Javier Gil

doi:10.3390/coatings12020219

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Data analysis was performed with Wyko Vision 232TM software (Veeco, New York, NY, USA). Based on previous tests, the following cut-off values were applied: λc = 0.8 mm and λc = 0.25 mm for control surfaces [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriostatic Poly Ethylene Glycol Plasma Coatings for Orthodontic Titanium Mini-Implants

et al. 2022

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Titanium mini-implants are used as anchorage for orthodontic tooth movements. However, these implants present problems due to the infection of surrounding tissues. The aim of this work was to obtain a polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer by plasma in order to achieve a bacteriostatic surface. Titanium surfaces were activated by argon plasma and, after, by PEG plasma with different powers (100, 150 and 200 W) for 30 and 60 min. The roughness was determined by white light interferometer microscopy and the wettability was determined by the contact angle technique. Surface chemical compositions were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cytocompatibility and cell adhesion studies were performed with fibroblast (hFFs) and osteoblast (SAOS-2) cells. Bacterial cultures with Spectrococcus Sanguinis and Lactobacillus Salivarius were performed, and bacterial colonization was determined. The results showed that plasma treatments do not affect the roughness. Plasma makes the surfaces more hydrophilic by decreasing the contact angles from 64.2° for titanium to 5.2° for argon-activated titanium, with values ranging from 12° to 25° for the different PEG treatments. The plasma has two effects: the cleaning of the surface and the formation of the PEG layer. The biocompatibility results were, for all cases, higher than 80%. The polymerization treatment with PEG reduced the adhesion of hFFs from 7000 to 6000 and, for SAOS-2, from 14,000 to 6500, for pure titanium and those treated with PEG, respectively. Bacterial adhesion was also reduced from 600 to 300 CFU/mm2 for Spetrococcuns Sanguinis and from 10,000 to 900 CFU/mm2 for Lactobacillus Salivarius. The best bacteriostatic treatment corresponded to PEG at 100 W and 30 s. As a consequence, the PEG coating would significantly prevent the formation of bacterial biofilm on the surface of titanium mini-implants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriostatic Poly Ethylene Glycol Plasma Coatings for Orthodontic Titanium Mini-Implants

et al. 2022

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“…In contrast, the potential of metal ions to cause toxicity is still an important issue in orthopedic implants [ 18 ]. Using titanium alloys, which have excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, can lower the toxicity of metal ions to the nervous, digestive, and immune systems [ 19 ] more than those caused by the other metal-based materials [ 20 ]. However, as titanium is usually much harder than the natural bones, the difference in the elastic modulus can cause failure [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent bone resorption and promote favorable bone remodeling, the Young’s modulus of the implant should be similar to that of the bones (10–30 GPa) [ 25 ]. Additionally, the flow of bone marrow through the porous structure stimulates the bone-remodeling process [ 19 ]. Thus, porous metals have ideal properties for being used as implants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral Endplate Concavity in Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Tapered 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Cage versus Squared PEEK Cage

et al. 2023

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Background and Objectives: To prevent postoperative problems in extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF), it is critical that the vertebral endplate not be injured. Unintentional endplate injuries may depend on the cage. A novel porous titanium cage for XLIF has improved geometry with a tapered tip and smooth surface. We hypothesized that this new cage should lead to fewer endplate injuries. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 32 patients (mean 74.1 ± 6.7 years, 22 females) who underwent anterior and posterior combined surgery with XLIF for lumbar degenerative disease or adult spinal deformity from January 2018 to June 2022. A tapered 3D porous titanium cage (3DTi; 11 patients) and a squared PEEK cage (sPEEK; 21 patients) were used. Spinal alignment values were measured on X-ray images. Vertebral endplate concavity (VEC) was defined as concavity ≥ 1 mm of the endplate on computed tomography (CT) images, which were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 week and 3 months postoperatively. Results: There were no significant differences in the patient demographic data and preoperative and 3-month postoperative spinal alignments between the groups. A 3DTi was used for 25 levels and an sPEEK was used for 38 levels. Preoperative local lordotic angles were 4.3° for 3DTi vs. 4.7° for sPEEK (p = 0.90), which were corrected to 12.3° and 9.1° (p = 0.029), respectively. At 3 months postoperatively, the angles were 11.6° for 3DTi and 8.2° for sPEEK (p = 0.013). VEC was present in 2 levels (8.0%) for 3DTi vs. 17 levels (45%) for sPEEK (p = 0.002). After 3 months postoperatively, none of the 3DTi had VEC progression; however, eight (21%) levels in sPEEK showed VEC progression (p = 0.019). Conclusions: The novel 3DTi cage reduced endplate injuries by reducing the endplate load during cage insertion.

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“…The relationship between peri-implant diseases and bacterial biofilms has been demonstrated in different research [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. According to the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and factors, there are several conditions that require further investigations to show their effect on the development of peri-implant diseases [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characterization of Titanium Particles Released from Bone-Level Titanium Dental Implants: Effect of the Size of Particles on the Ion Release and Cytotoxicity Behaviour

et al. 2022

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Many studies are being carried out on the particles released during the implantoplasty process in the machining of dental implants to remove bacterial biofilms. However, there are no studies on the release of particles produced by the insertion of bone-level dental implants due to the high compressive frictional loads between the rough titanium implant and the bone tissue. This paper aims to characterize the released particles and determine the release of titanium ions into the physiological environment and their cytocompatibility. For this purpose, 90 dental implants with a neck diameter of 4 mm and a torque of 22 Ncm were placed in 7 fresh cow ribs. The placement was carried out according to the established protocols. The implants had a roughness Ra of 1.92 μm. The arrangement of the particles in the bone tissue was studied by micro-CT, and no particle clusters were observed. The different granulometries of 5, 15, and 30 μm were obtained; the specific surface area was determined by laser diffraction; the topography was determined by scanning electron microcopy; and the particles were chemically analysed by X-ray energy microanalysis. The residual stresses of the particles were obtained by X-ray diffraction using the Bragg-Bentano configuration. The release of titanium ions to the physiological medium was performed using ICP-MS at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. The cytocompatibility of the particles with HFF-1 fibroblast and SAOS-2 osteoblast cultures was characterized. The results showed that the lowest specific surface area (0.2109 m2/g) corresponds to the particles larger than 30 μm being higher than 0.4969 and 0.4802 m2/g of those that are 5 and 15 μm, respectively, observing in all cases that the particles have irregular morphologies without contamination of the drills used in the surgery. The highest residual stresses were found for the small particles, −395 MPa for the 5 μm particles, and −369 for the 15 μm particles, and the lowest residual stresses were found for the 30 μm particles with values of −267 MPa. In all cases, the residual stresses were compressive. The lowest ion release was for the 30 μm samples, as they have the lowest specific surface area. Cytocompatibility studies showed that the particles are cytocompatible, but it is the smallest ones that are lower and very close to the 70% survival limit in both fibroblasts and osteoblasts.

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Effect of the Nature of the Particles Released from Bone Level Dental Implants: Physicochemical and Biological Characterization

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Bacteriostatic Poly Ethylene Glycol Plasma Coatings for Orthodontic Titanium Mini-Implants

Bacteriostatic Poly Ethylene Glycol Plasma Coatings for Orthodontic Titanium Mini-Implants

Vertebral Endplate Concavity in Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Tapered 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Cage versus Squared PEEK Cage

The Characterization of Titanium Particles Released from Bone-Level Titanium Dental Implants: Effect of the Size of Particles on the Ion Release and Cytotoxicity Behaviour

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