Effect of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Matejová, Iveta; Vícenová, Monika; Vojtek, Libor; Kudláčková, Hana; Nedbalcová, Kateřína; Faldyna, Martin; ŠiŠperová, Eliška; Modrá, Helena; Svobodová, Zdeňka

doi:10.17221/8443-vetmed

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Contamination levels were chosen taking into account previous literature on the effect of DON on rainbow trout (Hooft et al, ; Matejova et al, ; Matejova et al, ; Ryerse et al, ) as well as the reported DON levels in worldwide finished feed samples (Barbosa et al, ; Gonçalves, Hofstetter, et al, ; Gonçalves, Navarro‐Guillén, et al, ; Gonçalves et al, ; Gonçalves, Schatzmayr, Hoffstetter, & Santos, ; Greco, Pardo, & Pose, ). The long‐term exposure to DON attempts to mimic the most recently reported levels of DON in finished feeds (Gonçalves, Hofstetter, et al, ; average of 82.87 μg/kg and maximum of 396 μg/kg).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trichothecenes are extremely potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis, interfering with the initiation, elongation, and termination stages of this process (Kumar, Roy, Barman, & Anand, ). Knowledge of the effects of DON on aquatic species has increased recently (Gonçalves, Hofstetter, et al, ; Hooft & Bureau, ; Hooft et al, ; Matejova et al, ; Ryerse et al, ; Tola et al, ), and studies on rainbow trout suggest that DON has a detrimental effect on feed intake (FI), weight gain, and feed efficiency (Hooft et al, ; Ryerse et al, ). Curiously, no effect has been detected on the immune status of animals fed with DON (Matejova et al, ; Matejova, Svobodova, Vakula, Mares, & Modra, ; Ryerse et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of deoxynivalenol exposure time and contamination levels on rainbow trout

Gonçalves

Menanteau–Ledouble

Schöller

et al. 2018

J World Aquaculture Soc

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The trend toward using plant‐based ingredients in aquafeeds is set to intensify; however, mycotoxin contamination might be a challenge. Two diets, with deoxynivalenol (DON) levels of 1,166 μg/kg (1.1 DON) and 2,745 μg/kg (2.7 DON), were prepared for short‐term DON exposure (50 days). A third diet with a low DON level of 367 μg/kg (0.3 DON) was prepared for long‐term DON exposure (168 days). Ingestion of DON by trout during both short‐term/high‐dosage exposure (50 days; 1,166 μg/kg and 2,700 μg/kg DON) and long‐term/low‐dosage exposure (168 days; 367 μg/kg DON) impacted growth performance and, to a lesser extent, liver enzyme parameters (2.7 DON). Histopathology showed mild to moderate changes in the liver but not in the other sampled tissues (intestine and kidney). Despite these effects, short‐term exposure of rainbow trout to high doses of DON did not result in increased susceptibility to Yersinia ruckeri. In both the short‐ and long‐term studies, the effects of DON showed a high interindividual variability. The present study confirms that subclinical levels of mycotoxins affect rainbow trout. The effects of such low mycotoxin levels could be masked by other production challenges while still negatively affecting productivity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of deoxynivalenol exposure time and contamination levels on rainbow trout

Gonçalves

Menanteau–Ledouble

Schöller

et al. 2018

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…Finally, some other studies addressed the effects of DON on health, immune function and oxidative stress [120][121][122]. When 1-yearold trout were exposed for 23 days to~2000 µg/kg DON, plasma biochemical parameters; glucose, cholesterol and ammonia were decreased [120], pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in the head kidney was up-regulated [121] and altered activities of antioxidant enzymes were observed [122]. Overall, the sensitivity of rainbow trout productivity to DON is well defined, although further research is needed to explore the direct mechanism of action of the toxin in this species.…”

Section: Rainbow Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review

Koletsi

Schrama

Graat

et al. 2021

Toxins

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The first part of this study evaluates the occurrence of mycotoxin patterns in feedstuffs and fish feeds. Results were extrapolated from a large data pool derived from wheat (n = 857), corn (n = 725), soybean meal (n = 139) and fish feed (n = 44) samples in European countries and based on sample analyses by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the period between 2012–2019. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was readily present in corn (in 47% of the samples) > wheat (41%) > soybean meal (11%), and in aquafeeds (48%). Co-occurrence of mycotoxins was frequently observed in feedstuffs and aquafeed samples. For example, in corn, multi-mycotoxin occurrence was investigated by Spearman’s correlations and odd ratios, and both showed co-occurrence of DON with its acetylated forms (3-AcDON, 15-AcDON) as well as with zearalenone (ZEN). The second part of this study summarizes the existing knowledge on the effects of DON on farmed fish species and evaluates the risk of DON exposure in fish, based on data from in vivo studies. A meta-analytical approach aimed to estimate to which extent DON affects feed intake and growth performance in fish. Corn was identified as the ingredient with the highest risk of contamination with DON and its acetylated forms, which often cannot be detected by commonly used rapid detection methods in feed mills. Periodical state-of-the-art mycotoxin analyses are essential to detect the full spectrum of mycotoxins in fish feeds aimed to prevent detrimental effects on farmed fish and subsequent economic losses for fish farmers. Because levels below the stated regulatory limits can reduce feed intake and growth performance, our results show that the risk of DON contamination is underestimated in the aquaculture industry.

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“…Uważa się, że znaczącą rolę we wpływie mikotoksyn na immunomodulację może mieć ich zdolność do pobudzania wydzielania cytokin pro-i przeciwzapalnych (24,29). Zostało wykazane, że zwiększona ekspresja genów odpowiedzialnych za wyrzut cytokin prowadzi w konsekwencji do uwolnienia supresorów hamujących odpowiedź zapalną i uszkodzenia tkanek (32).…”

Section: Immunomodulacjaunclassified

Influence of mycotoxins on fish health

Walczak¹,

Jedziniak²,

Reichert³

2018

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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Mycotoxins are a wide group of compounds that often occur in food and feeds. These toxins negatively affect living organisms and may pose a risk for consumers’ health. Fish seem to be a particularly vulnerable group because negative effects can be observed at low levels of contamination, much lower than those considered harmful for other farmed animals. Mycotoxins may disturb cellular homeostasis by their influence on cells’ metabolism, causing DNA damage and organ lesions. Moreover, they are capable of immunomodulation, which may increase the occurrence of fish diseases caused by bacteria and other pathogens. Furthermore, these substances often have a negative impact on the growth rate of fish, which may cause economic losses to farmers. Although mycotoxins are commonly found in feeds, their ability to bioaccumulate in fish seems to be marginal. Therefore, according to the available data, fish may not be considered as the main source of mycotoxins for humans. Since there are no legal limits on the amount of mycotoxins present in fish feeds, it is necessary to constantly monitor the levels of mycotoxins in fish feeds and to investigate the influence of these substances on fish health..

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Effect of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol on the immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of deoxynivalenol exposure time and contamination levels on rainbow trout

Effects of deoxynivalenol exposure time and contamination levels on rainbow trout

The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review

Influence of mycotoxins on fish health

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