Effect of the multiple injection process on the structural and mechanical properties of PP impact copolymers focusing on the deformation of ethylene-propylene copolymer

Ji, Ho Suk; Jung, Hyun Wook

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2023.108051

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…FDM as a polymer recycling method was documented in four studies. Hot Melt Extrusion was reported in eight studies: Chu et al [ 66 ], Ji and Jung [ 67 ], Atsani and Mastrisiswadi [ 68 ], Zhong and Pearce [ 69 ], Vones et al [ 70 ], Cisneros-López et al [ 71 ], Beltrán et al [ 44 ], and Zhang, Chen, and Yang [ 72 ]. According to Chu et al [ 66 ] and Cisneros-López et al [ 71 ], hot extrusion involves heating and applying pressure to crushed polymer flakes from waste plastics to melt them and force them via an orifice continuously.…”

Section: Systematic Review and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“… The results from the study show the viability of 3D printing in recycling plastics to make feedstock with properties similar to the virgin material. [ 67 ] A quantitative research with mechanical and structural experiments for PP. PP Polypropylene polymer cannot be recycled multiple times because their mechanical properties deteriorate with every subsequent hot extrusion at temperatures of 200 Celsius.…”

Section: Table A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the strength of PET deteriorates with the increase in the frequency of recycling [81]. According to Ji and Jung [67], polypropylene polymers cannot be recycled multiple times because their mechanical properties deteriorate with every subsequent hot extrusion at temperatures of 200 • C. Likewise, Nagengast et al [84] established that 3D-printed PLA loses its mechanical strength following thermomechanical treatment. Degradation was also noticed in its rheological and dimensional properties after repeated recycling for up to three cycles.…”

Section: Recycled 3d Printing Materials and Their Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers

Maraveas,

Kyrtopoulos,

Arvanitis

2024

Polymers

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The increased use of plastics in industrial and agricultural applications has led to high levels of pollution worldwide and is a significant challenge. To address this plastic pollution, conventional methods such as landfills and incineration are used, leading to further challenges such as the generation of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, increasing interest has been directed to identifying alternative methods to dispose of plastic waste from agriculture. The novelty of the current research arose from the lack of critical reviews on how 3-Dimensional (3D) printing was adopted for recycling plastics, its application in the production of agricultural plastics, and its specific benefits, disadvantages, and limitations in recycling plastics. The review paper offers novel insights regarding the application of 3D printing methods including Fused Particle Fabrication (FPF), Hot Melt Extrusion (HME), and Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) to make filaments from plastics. However, the methods were adopted in local recycling setups where only small quantities of the raw materials were considered. Data was collected using a systematic review involving 39 studies. Findings showed that the application of the 3D printing methods led to the generation of agricultural plastics such as Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), which were found to have properties comparable to those of virgin plastic, suggesting the viability of 3D printing in managing plastic pollution. However, limitations were also associated with the 3D printing methods; 3D-printed plastics deteriorated rapidly under Ultraviolet (UV) light and are non-biodegradable, posing further risks of plastic pollution. However, UV stabilization helps reduce plastic deterioration, thus increasing longevity and reducing disposal. Future directions emphasize identifying methods to reduce the deterioration of 3D-printed agricultural plastics and increasing their longevity in addition to UV stability.

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Section: Systematic Review and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Table A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recycled 3d Printing Materials and Their Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers

Maraveas,

Kyrtopoulos,

Arvanitis

2024

Polymers

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“…Appropriate packaging material can maintain food quality and avoid possible contamination along the entire food supply chain 2 . Various petroleum-based packaging systems such as PP and PE have been widely used in our daily lives 3 , 4 , while these materials face a serious problem of environmental pollution because of their non-degradable nature 5 . Therefore, natural polymer materials have been considered as promising candidates to develop food packaging materials because of their non-toxicity, renewability, low cost, good biocompatibility, degradability, and high consumer acceptance 6 – 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEG-crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan films with degradability and antibacterial activity for food packaging

Yang,

Liu,

Gao

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This study developed a kind of PEG-crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC–PEG) with various PEG content for food packaging. The crosslinking agent of isocyanate-terminated PEG was firstly synthesized by a simple condensation reaction between PEG and excess diisocyanate, then the crosslink between O-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC) and crosslinking agent occurred under mild conditions to produce O-CMC–PEG with a crosslinked structure linked by urea bonds. FT-IR and 1H NMR techniques were utilized to confirm the chemical structures of the crosslinking agent and O-CMC–PEGs. Extensive research was conducted to investigate the impact of the PEG content (or crosslinking degree) on the physicochemical characteristics of the casted O-CMC–PEG films. The results illuminated that crosslinking and components compatibility could improve their tensile features and water vapor barrier performance, while high PEG content played the inverse effects due to the microphase separation between PEG and O-CMC segments. The in vitro degradation rate and water sensitivity primarily depended on the crosslinking degree in comparison with the PEG content. Furthermore, caused by the remaining –NH2 groups of O-CMC, the films demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. When the PEG content was 6% (medium crosslinking degree), the prepared O-CMC–PEG−6% film possessed optimal tensile features, high water resistance, appropriate degradation rate, low water vapor transmission rate and fine broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity, manifesting a great potential for application in food packaging to extend the shelf life.

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