Effect of the Modification of the Number of Players, the Size of the Goal, and the Size of the Field in Competition on the Play Actions in U-12 Male Football

García-Angulo, Antonio; Palao, José Manuel; Giménez-Egido, José María; García-Angulo, Francisco Javier; Ortega-Toro, Enrique

doi:10.3390/ijerph17020518

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Second, children using appropriately sized equipment will learn to form functional synergies (i.e., the coupling and de-coupling of joints at the appropriate times) to stabilize salient and invariant performance variables. These predictions are congruent with the growing number of studies demonstrating the beneficial effects of scaling the task and equipment in children's sports on motor performance and learning 10,11,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] ; albeit, the current study advances this literature by objectively measuring movement control and coordination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Children’s coordination of the “sweet spot” when striking a forehand is shaped by the equipment used

Buszard

Garofolini

Whiteside

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Children’s movement coordination is significantly influenced by the equipment used when performing multi-articular actions. Previously we reported that scaled equipment (smaller racket and a softer ball), but not full-sized equipment, promoted a functional coupling between upper arm and forearm angles in children performing a forehand. However, it remains unclear whether the shoulder-racket distance—which is controlled by this coupling—is a performance variable. This study therefore advanced previous research by examining whether the shoulder-racket distance is associated with performance. We also improved our understanding of how the shoulder-racket distance is controlled by including the hand-racket segment in our biomechanical model. Twenty-one children performed 40 forehands in a hitting for accuracy task. Participants were randomly divided into two groups—a scaled equipment group and a full-sized equipment group. Results revealed that the shoulder-racket distance was a performance variable, as evidenced by: (a) its variance reduced closer to ball impact, (b) its distance at ball impact, but not at the start of the forward swing, differentiated good from poor performance, and (c) its distance was similar for both groups, implying that there was a “sweet spot” for striking a ball, regardless of racket size. We also showed that it is the shoulder-racket vector in state-space (i.e., distance and angle) that differentiates good from poor performance. Finally, the manner in which the shoulder-racket distance was controlled differed between the groups, with scaled equipment promoting a more distal control than full-sized equipment. Implications for skill acquisition are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Children’s coordination of the “sweet spot” when striking a forehand is shaped by the equipment used

Buszard

Garofolini

Whiteside

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… Buszard et al (2016) conducted a systematic review of equipment manipulations and play space in children’s sport and found that these adjustments to task constraints are advantageous to performing functional movement skills, compared to traditional global to local methods (teacher led). García-Angulo et al (2020) found that manipulation of task constraints such as varying the pitch size, number of players or goal size enhanced football-specific self-efficacy. Buszard et al (2017) found that an overemphasis on global to local instructions can be detrimental to children who have lower working memories, inhibiting their motor learning.…”

Section: Meaningful Engagement In Physical Activity Through the Life mentioning

confidence: 95%

Physical Literacy - A Journey of Individual Enrichment: An Ecological Dynamics Rationale for Enhancing Performance and Physical Activity in All

et al. 2020

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Internationally, governments, health and exercise practitioners are struggling with the threat posed by physical inactivity leading to worsening outcomes in health and life expectancy and the associated high economic costs. To meet this challenge it is important to enhance the quality, and quantity, of participation in sports and physical activity throughout the life course to sustain healthy and active lifestyles. This paper supports the need to develop a physically literate population, who meaningfully engage in play and physical activity through the development of functional movement skills in enriched environments. This is a shift away from reductionist approaches to physical activity engagement and maintenance to an ecological dynamics approach that focuses on enrichment to support functional movement skill learning and development. This is an embedded approach to physical literacy that allows learners the space and time to “explore–discover” (ecological psychology) within environments that will lead to a concomitant self-organization of highly intricate network of co-dependent sub-systems (anatomical, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, and perceptual-cognitive) resulting in functional movement solutions for the performance task and enduring positive adaptations to subsystems supporting the physical literacy journey across the life course. “Explore-discover adapt” is at the heart of two contemporary learner-centered pedagogies: Non-linear Pedagogy (NLP) and the Athletic Skills Model (ASM). Both emphasize the importance of enrichment experiences from an early age, and throughout life course, and both appreciate the inherent complexity involved in the learning process and the importance of designing a rich and varied range of athletic, participatory experiences that will support the embedded development of physical literacy leading to ongoing physical activity for all. The final part of this paper will demonstrate the potential of an ecological dynamics approach for supporting the concept of physical literacy by providing a roadmap for a reliable and valid measurement of physical literacy when considered from both an ecological dynamics perspective and the phenomenology understanding of physical literacy.

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“…In particular, this analysis was performed by an expert observer (ie, with a master's degree in sports science and at least 5 y of experience in rugby match analysis), who has been tested in terms of intrareliability (0.98) and interreliability (0.95), and satisfactory considered according to literature Q20 . 22…”

Section: Time Motion Parameters (Gps and Video Analyses)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal-Training-Load Monitoring, Notational and Time-Motion Analyses, Psychometric Status, and Neuromuscular Responses in Elite Rugby Union

Lupo¹,

Ungureanu²,

Boccia³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: The present study aimed to verify if practicing tackles during rugby union training sessions would affect the players’ internal training load and acute strength loss. Method: A total of 9 male Italian Serie A rugby union players (age: 21 [2] y) were monitored by means of an integrated approach across 17 sessions, 6 with tackles (WT) and 11 with no tackles (NT). Edwards training load was quantified using heart-rate monitoring. Global positioning system devices were used to quantify the total distance and time at >20 W. Work-to-rest ratio was quantified by means of a video analysis. Before (PRE) and after (POST) the session, the players’ well-being and rating of perceived exertion were measured, respectively. The countermovement jump and plyometric push-up jump tests were performed on a force plate to record the players’ PRE–POST concentric peak force. Linear mixed models were applied to quantify the differences between WT and NT in terms of training load and PRE–POST force deltas, even controlling for other training factors. Results: The Edwards training load (estimated mean [EM]; standard error [SE]; WT: EM = 214, SE = 11.8; NT: EM = 194, SE = 11.1; P = .01) and session rating of perceived exertion (WT: EM = 379, SE = 21.9; NT: EM = 277, SE = 16.4; P < .001) were higher in WT than in NT. Conversely, no difference between the sessions emerged in the countermovement jump and plyometric push-up concentric peak force deltas. Conclusions: Although elite rugby union players’ external and internal training load can be influenced by practicing tackles, upper- and lower-limb strength seem to not be affected.

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Effect of the Modification of the Number of Players, the Size of the Goal, and the Size of the Field in Competition on the Play Actions in U-12 Male Football

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Children’s coordination of the “sweet spot” when striking a forehand is shaped by the equipment used

Children’s coordination of the “sweet spot” when striking a forehand is shaped by the equipment used

Physical Literacy - A Journey of Individual Enrichment: An Ecological Dynamics Rationale for Enhancing Performance and Physical Activity in All

Internal-Training-Load Monitoring, Notational and Time-Motion Analyses, Psychometric Status, and Neuromuscular Responses in Elite Rugby Union

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