Effect of the mixing procedure on the morphology and properties of compatibilized polypropylene/polyamide blends

Ohlsson, Björn; Hassander, Helén; Törnell, Bertil

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10291-9

Cited by 41 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…1 In a given crystalline/crystalline blends containing the compatibilizer, the crystallization behaviors of the two blends components are generally affected by the following factors: the size of dispersion, 2-5 the type of compatibilizer 2,3,[6][7][8] and its degree of miscibility with and one or both of the blend components, the amount of compatibilizer added, 9,10 the amount of interface created, 10 and other effects (e.g. the mixing ratio of both crystalline components 2,6 and mixing procedure 11 ). At present, many studies have been carried out on the crystallization behavior of various compatibilized polypropylene/polyamide-6 (PP/PA6) blend systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Behaviors of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blends Modified by a Maleated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Liu

Xie²,

Zhang

et al. 2006

Polym J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:In this paper, with the maleated thermoplastic elastomer (TPEg) as a compatibilizer of polypropylene (PP)/polyamide-6 (PA6) blends, the effects of interfacial compatibilization on the crystallization behaviors of the blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Compared with the binary blend, the addition of TPEg significantly affected the crystallization behaviors of the individual component in the blends, especially those of PA6. The presence of TPEg weakened the nucleating role of the PA6 on the PP matrix. The increasing concentration of the compatibilizer caused a decrease in crystallization temperature (T c ) and crystallization enthalpy (ÁH c ) associated with PA6. When TPEg amount was added up to 24 wt %, the crystallization of PA6 at its bulk T c was almost completely suppressed and the complete concurrent crystallization of PA6 and PP matrix took place. In the case of PP/PA6/TPEg blend containing 24 wt % TPEg, it was found that the disappearance of bulk PA6 crystallization peak was independent of the cooling rate and annealing time, but can be introduced by self-nucleation experiments. The above fractionated crystallization phenomenon was attributed to the reduction in PA6 particle size due to compatibilization role of added TPEg, which leads to the lack of the active heterogeneities. The crystalline morphologies under isothermal conditions were also observed by polarized optical microscopy (POM). [DOI 10.1295/polymj.38.21] KEY WORDS Polypropylene (PP) / Polyamide-6 / Crystallization / Compatibilization / Morphology / Compatibilization strongly affects the blend phase morphology and as such, it may also influence the crystallization behaviors of the blend. Both morphology and crystallization behaviors are closely related with the final properties of the blend, a profound understanding of the crystallization behavior and the resulting semicrystalline structure in polymer blends is necessary for effective manipulation and control of their properties from both scientific and industrial point of view. However, the general influence of a compatibilizer on the crystallization behavior of an immiscible polymer blend system is still far from being well understood, especially for crystalline polymer/crystalline polymer.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization Behaviors of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blends Modified by a Maleated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Liu

Xie²,

Zhang

et al. 2006

Polym J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…6-10 Many studies have demonstrated that maleated rubbers such as styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymers (SEBS-g-MA), [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] ethylene propylene random copolymer (EPR-g-MA)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, much effort has been particularly devoted to the compatibilization of these blends. Functionalized polypropylenes, such as maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PP, are effective compatibilizer for these blends.1-5 However, high levels of toughness can only be achieved by addition of an appropriate rubber that can function as an impact modifier.6-10 Many studies have demonstrated that maleated rubbers such as styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymers (SEBS-g-MA), [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] ethylene propylene random copolymer (EPR-g-MA)13-15 and poly(octene-ethylene) (POE-g-MA)20 can effectively act as both impact modifier and compatibilizer for PP/PA6 blends.We have developed a maleic anhydride grafted thermoplastic elastomer (TPEg) and successfully used it as an impact modifier of polyamide-6 (PA6) 21,22 and the amorphous copolyester (PETG). [23][24][25] This thermoplastic elastomer is a mixture of poly(octene-ethylene) (POE) and semicrystalline polyolefin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] However, high levels of toughness can only be achieved by addition of an appropriate rubber that can function as an impact modifier. [6][7][8][9][10] Many studies have demonstrated that maleated rubbers such as styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymers (SEBS-g-MA), [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] ethylene propylene random copolymer (EPR-g-MA) [13][14][15] and poly(octene-ethylene) (POE-g-MA) 20 can effectively act as both impact modifier and compatibilizer for PP/PA6 blends.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 As the rheological behavior of immiscible polymer blends is generally very complex, the effect of compatibilizer addition on rheological properties of such blends remained unclear in many aspects. 28 In spite of some studies concerned with rheological properties of compatibilized PP/PA6 blends, 4,[29][30][31][32][33] there are limited papers dealt with their dynamic rheological behaviors, 32,33 which is especially sensitive to the change in the morphology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dynamic Rheological Properties of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blends Modified with a Maleated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Liu

Xie

et al. 2004

Polym J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The effects of added maleated thermoplastic elastomer (TPEg) on rheological properties and morphologies of polypropylene (PP)/polyamide-6 (PA6) blends are examined. For comparison, non-maleated version (TPE) is also added to the above binary blends. The magnitude of complex viscosity and viscoelastic moduli of PP/ PA6/TPE blends gradually decrease with the content of TPE. However, for PP/PA6/TPEg blends, these above parameters increase dramatically with increasing content of reactive TPEg and shear-thinning behavior becomes more obvious. SEM micrographs show that the addition of TPEg effectively increases compatibility between PP and PA6 and results in a considerable decrease in the domain size of dispersed phase; whereas the ternary blends containing nonreactive TPE exhibit a typical characteristic of immiscible blends with a very coarse morphology. TEM results further reveal that for PP/PA6/TPEg blends, a core-shell structure consisting of PA6 particles encapsulated with POE are probably formed in PP matrix. [DOI 10.1295/polymj.36.754] KEY WORDS Polypropylene (PP) / Polyamide-6 / Rheological / Morphology / Interfacial / Adhesion / In recent decades, polypropylene/polyamide (PP/ PA) blends have received much attention because they combine the insensitivity to humid environments and easy processing of the former with the thermomechanical characteristics of the latter. Unfortunately; they are incompatible polymer pairs because of their different polarities and crystalline morphology. Therefore, much effort has been particularly devoted to the compatibilization of these blends. Functionalized polypropylenes, such as maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PP, are effective compatibilizer for these blends.1-5 However, high levels of toughness can only be achieved by addition of an appropriate rubber that can function as an impact modifier.6-10 Many studies have demonstrated that maleated rubbers such as styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymers (SEBS-g-MA), [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] ethylene propylene random copolymer (EPR-g-MA)13-15 and poly(octene-ethylene) (POE-g-MA)20 can effectively act as both impact modifier and compatibilizer for PP/PA6 blends.We have developed a maleic anhydride grafted thermoplastic elastomer (TPEg) and successfully used it as an impact modifier of polyamide-6 (PA6) 21,22 and the amorphous copolyester (PETG). [23][24][25] This thermoplastic elastomer is a mixture of poly(octene-ethylene) (POE) and semicrystalline polyolefin. Compared with widely used maleated rubbers such as SEBS and EPR, it possesses the following advantages: lower cost, finer dispersion, better processability, and compatibility with the PP matrix because of the incorporation of 40 wt % polyolefin plastics with a low melt viscosity into POE rubber.In a previous work, TPEg was employed to compatibilize and toughen PP/PA6 blends. 26 The addition of TPEg not only improved compatibility between PP matrix and PA6, resulting in a fine dispersion of PA6 in the PP matrix, but also significantly enhanced t...

show abstract

Relationship between interfacial tension and dispersed‐phase particle size in polymer blends. II. PP/PA6

Shariatpanahi

Nazokdast

Hemmati

2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:Simple blends with different viscosity ratios of the components as well as compatibilized blends varying both in type and content of the compatibilizers were used to study the relation between the interfacial tension and the dispersed-phase particle size for PP/PA6 (80/20 wt %) blends in this work. Four compatibilizing systems including poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) ionomers, a maleic anhydride-grafted propylene copolymer, maleic anhydridegrafted polypropylene, and a maleic anhydride-grafted styrene ethylene butylene copolymer were used. For blends prepared in an internal mixer, a power-law relation was found between the capillary number and the torque ratio of the blends' components. This relation was used to estimate the interfacial tension for the compatibilized blends. The relation between the steady-state torque of the blends as a measure of viscosity and the estimated values of interfacial tension were also investigated.

show abstract

Effect of the mixing procedure on the morphology and properties of compatibilized polypropylene/polyamide blends

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

Crystallization Behaviors of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blends Modified by a Maleated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Crystallization Behaviors of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blends Modified by a Maleated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Dynamic Rheological Properties of Polypropylene/Polyamide-6 Blends Modified with a Maleated Thermoplastic Elastomer

Relationship between interfacial tension and dispersed‐phase particle size in polymer blends. II. PP/PA6

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About