Effect of the Mediterranean Diet With and Without Weight Loss on Markers of Inflammation in Men With Metabolic Syndrome

Richard, Caroline; Couture, Patrick; Desroches, Sophie; Lamarche, Benoı̂t

doi:10.1038/oby.2012.148

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In a study on people with metabolic syndrome, five weeks on a Mediterranean diet corresponded with lowered plasma CRP and an arbitrary inflammatory score that included CRP, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α. These changes were independent of any weight loss (Richard et al, 2012). Compared to participants placed on a low-fat diet, one year on a Mediterranean diet was associated with lowered plasma concentrations of IL-6, and two TNF receptors (Urpi-Sarda et al, 2012).…”

Section: Diet and Its Effect On Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…There is now strong evidence in human studies that adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with reduced inflammatory markers (Camargo et al, 2012, Richard et al, 2012, UrpiSarda et al, 2012. In a study on people with metabolic syndrome, five weeks on a Mediterranean diet corresponded with lowered plasma CRP and an arbitrary inflammatory score that included CRP, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α.…”

Section: Diet and Its Effect On Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise

Lopresti

Hood

Drummond

2013

Journal of Affective Disorders

507

412

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Research on major depression has confirmed that it is caused by an array of biopsychosocial and lifestyle factors. Diet, exercise and sleep are three such influences that play a significant mediating role in the development, progression and treatment of this condition. This review summarises animal and human-based studies on the relationship between these three lifestyle factors and major depressive disorder, and their influence on dysregulated pathways associated with depression, namely neurotransmitter processes, immuno-inflammatory pathways, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disturbances, oxidative stress and antioxidant defence systems, neuroprogression, and mitochondrial disturbances. Increased attention in future clinical studies on the influence of diet, sleep and exercise on major depressive disorder and investigations of their effect on physiological processes will help to expand our understanding and treatment of major depressive disorder. Mental health interventions, taking into account the bidirectional relationship between these lifestyle factors and major depression are also likely to enhance the efficacy of interventions associated with this disorder.

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Section: Diet and Its Effect On Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Diet and Its Effect On Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise

Lopresti

Hood

Drummond

2013

Journal of Affective Disorders

507

412

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“…Indeed, higher-calorie fattier foods and higher-fat diets may produce and sustain as much or more weight loss than calorie-restricted or higher-carbohydrate diets (9,10,89-98) -particularly among those already having metabolic abnormalities (93,94,99) . Moreover, certain fattier/lower-carbohydrate diets may also be associated with favourable metabolic indicators (10,89,(91)(92)(93)(94)(98)(99)(100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109) , reduced adverse health events (69,102,110,111) and delayed mortality (110)(111)(112)(113) .…”

Section: More-nuanced Thinking About Obesity and Related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How calorie-focused thinking about obesity and related diseases may mislead and harm public health. An alternative

Lucan

DiNicolantonio

2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Prevailing thinking about obesity and related diseases holds that quantifying calories should be a principal concern and target for intervention. Part of this thinking is that consumed calories -regardless of their sources -are equivalent; i.e. 'a calorie is a calorie'. The present commentary discusses various problems with the idea that 'a calorie is a calorie' and with a primarily quantitative focus on food calories. Instead, the authors argue for a greater qualitative focus on the sources of calories consumed (i.e. a greater focus on types of foods) and on the metabolic changes that result from consuming foods of different types. In particular, the authors consider how calorie-focused thinking is inherently biased against high-fat foods, many of which may be protective against obesity and related diseases, and supportive of starchy and sugary replacements, which are likely detrimental. Shifting the focus to qualitative food distinctions, a central argument of the paper is that obesity and related diseases are problems due largely to food-induced physiology (e.g. neurohormonal pathways) not addressable through arithmetic dieting (i.e. calorie counting). The paper considers potential harms of public health initiatives framed around calorie balance sheetstargeting 'calories in' and/or 'calories out' -that reinforce messages of overeating and inactivity as underlying causes, rather than intermediate effects, of obesity. Finally, the paper concludes that public health should work primarily to support the consumption of whole foods that help protect against obesity-promoting energy imbalance and metabolic dysfunction and not continue to promote caloriedirected messages that may create and blame victims and possibly exacerbate epidemics of obesity and related diseases. KeywordsObesity Calories Carbohydrates Public health Chronic diseaseWith worldwide concerns about obesity and diseases related to it (e.g. diabetes and CVD), there is substantial interest in shifting populations to healthier weights and better health. More precisely, there is interest in reducing body fat since fat -particularly visceral or abdominal fat -may matter more than weight when it comes to health (1)(2)(3) . Nevertheless, much of the evidence regarding obesity and related diseases focuses on body weight, rather than body fat. In reviewing such evidence, therefore, the present paper will therefore also often use the imprecise term 'weight' as opposed to 'fat', pointing out when such imprecision might mislead thinking.One way such imprecision might mislead thinking is in supporting the notions that (i) 'a calorie is a calorie' † and (ii) intervening on calories is the best way to address obesity (i.e. the quantitative problem of excess pounds or kilograms on a scale as opposed to the qualitative problem † 'Calorie' -or more correctly kilocalorie (kcal), for which the word often imprecisely substitutes -is the main unit of energy used to discuss food and obesity-related issues in the USA. It is also the word used in common expressions l...

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“…The adoption of the Med Diet has been demonstrated to reduce CRP by 20% 15 ; moreover, this effect seems to be independent of weight loss. 16,17 The aims of the present study were to investigate the degree of adherence to Med Diet pattern in a sample of outpatients referred for evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors, free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and whether the adherence to the overall Med Diet pattern more than to the specific Med Diet items was associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), IR, and microinflammation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Adherence: Associations with Prediabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Related Microinflammation

Viscogliosi

Cipriani

Liguori

et al. 2013

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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Background: The adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (Med Diet) seems to reduce the incidence of metabolic syndrome. The present study aimed to explore whether the adherence to the overall Med Diet pattern and to specific Med Diet items is associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), insulin resistance (IR), and microinflammation in subjects free of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Measurements: Each patient underwent clinical assessment. Adherence to the Med Diet was measured by a previously validated 14-item questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria; IR was defined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); inflammation was assessed through a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) assay. Results: A total of 120 subjects (64.2% women, mean age 59.8 -10.2 years) were enrolled at this study. Subjects with lower Med Diet pattern adherence exhibited higher occurrence of metabolic syndrome and all its components and higher HOMA-IR and hsCRP values (P for all < 0.0001). Subjects with metabolic syndrome were less likely to consume olive oil (P = 0.002) and vegetables (P = 0.023). By multivariable analyses, the overall Med Diet score was found to be strongly and inversely associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome [B = -0.066; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.105 to -0.028; P = 0.001], IFG (B = -0.076; 95% CI -0.114 to -0.038; p < 0.0001), high HOMA-IR (B = -0.071; 95% CI -0.108 to -0.034; P < 0.0001) and high hsCRP (B = -0.082; 95% CI -0.125 to -0.045; P < 0.0001). None of specific Med Diet items independently predicted metabolic syndrome, IFG, and high HOMA-IR. Instead, the consumption of white meat over red meat (B = -0.324; 95% CI -0.467 to -0.178; P < 0.0001) was found to be inversely associated with increased hsCRP. Conclusions: The inverse associations between adherence to Med Diet and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and prediabetes may be due more to the effects of the entire dietary pattern rather than to individual food components. Metabolic syndrome-related microinflammation may further be linked to specific Med Diet components.

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Effect of the Mediterranean Diet With and Without Weight Loss on Markers of Inflammation in Men With Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise

A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: Diet, sleep and exercise

How calorie-focused thinking about obesity and related diseases may mislead and harm public health. An alternative

Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Adherence: Associations with Prediabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Related Microinflammation

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