Effect of the mechanism of formation of polymer-monomer particles on the kinetic patterns of emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers

Malyukova, Ye.B.; Симакова, Г. А.; Зубов, В. П.

doi:10.1016/0032-3950(90)90039-9

Polymer Science U.S.S.R.

1990

DOI: 10.1016/0032-3950(90)90039-9

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Effect of the mechanism of formation of polymer-monomer particles on the kinetic patterns of emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers

Ye.B. Malyukova

Г. А. Симакова

В. П. Зубов

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Cited by 5 publications

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“…Globules of the fluorine rubber SKF-26 are broken down in mill mastication at a shear stress of approximately 5 MPa. The shear stress at the interface in the formation of an emulsion in the presence of surfactants is 10 -3 MPa [11]. In liquidphase chemical engineering processes, the mass transfer may be accompanied by interface instability phenomena induced by hydrodynamic and hydrochemical interactions [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Certain Aspects of the Optimization of Processing of Polymer Composites

Torner¹,

Fomin

Malyukova

et al. 2005

Theor Found Chem Eng

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Design of polymer composites [1] is based on polymer processing theory [2-6] and involves solving polymer technology problems [7]. Most of the polymer processing technologies are based on heat-and mass-transfer phenomena, and further elaboration of design of polymer composites requires enhancement of existing technologies and development of new ones. The development of new technologies can be aimed at reducing energy consumption on intense thermomechanical treatment of materials being processed. These tendencies are consistent with the increasing production of composites. Along with the chemical composition and molecular weight distribution of such disperse systems, of decisive importance are their structure and rheological behavior, the surface properties, the diffusion and mass transfer through the interface, and the particle size distribution. The properties of such multicomponent distributed heterogeneous systems, including their phase stability, are largely determined by the efficiency of mixing of components and the sizes of distributed particles. The character of mixing and dispersing may be different.The flow equations in mathematical models of multiphase media [8][9][10] and their dynamics in the course of processing in various equipment contain a term involving the shear stress and strain, which allows one to evaluate the processes under investigation from a single standpoint. In viscous media, the dispersing and mixing on rollers, in extruders, etc., are determined by the shear stress and strain [3,4]. In low-viscosity disperse systems, it is difficult to create high shear stresses that would ensure particle breakdown. For comparison, we can present data on the shear stress in high-and lowviscosity disperse media. Globules of the fluorine rubber SKF-26 are broken down in mill mastication at a shear stress of approximately 5 MPa. The shear stress at the interface in the formation of an emulsion in the presence of surfactants is 10 -3 MPa [11]. In liquidphase chemical engineering processes, the mass transfer may be accompanied by interface instability phenomena induced by hydrodynamic and hydrochemical interactions [12]. Nonetheless, analysis of generalized parameters of activating mixing of multiphase media containing a liquid phase in a rotary pulsed apparatus also took into account the shear stress and strain [13].The purpose of this work was to consider specific features of the dynamic behavior of certain disperse systems and to find ways of optimizing the production and processing of polymer composites in low-viscosity media. The objects of investigation were the latex DL-940, based on a butadiene-styrene copolymer with a styrene content of about 65%; the acryl latexes AK-252A and AK-252B and their mixtures; films obtained from the latexes and their mixtures; latex-zeolite composites with a zeolite content of 30 wt %; aqueous solutions of polyacrylic acid, gelatin, or starch with carbon (30% carbon); and nonwoven materials impregnated with a binder produced from the latexes subjected to vibration wa...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Certain Aspects of the Optimization of Processing of Polymer Composites

Torner¹,

Fomin

Malyukova

et al. 2005

Theor Found Chem Eng

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“…Wave treatment (excitation of nonlinear vibrations) was performed according to a published procedure [1,2]. Since the vibrational action (the mechanical factor of the action on the interface) can be compared to the action of surfactants (the physicochemical factor) [3], it was of interest to analyze the joint action of wave treatment and surfactants on the properties of emulsions.In previous experiments [4][5][6][7], addition of a surfactant to an emulsion of styrene and acrylic monomers under nonequilibrium conditions (namely, addition to the phase in which these monomers are least soluble) caused an increase in the dispersity and stability of the emulsion in comparison with a conventional technology for producing emulsions by mixing monomers with surfactant solutions. This stabilization was due to the formation of a microemulsion at the monomerwater interface owing to surfactant diffusion through the interface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In previous experiments [4][5][6][7], addition of a surfactant to an emulsion of styrene and acrylic monomers under nonequilibrium conditions (namely, addition to the phase in which these monomers are least soluble) caused an increase in the dispersity and stability of the emulsion in comparison with a conventional technology for producing emulsions by mixing monomers with surfactant solutions. This stabilization was due to the formation of a microemulsion at the monomerwater interface owing to surfactant diffusion through the interface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wave Treatment in Polymer Synthesis on the Formation of Properties of Polymer Composites

2005

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A characteristic property of polymer composites as multicomponent heterogeneous systems is their noticeable sensitivity to external factors. Specific features of the dynamic behavior of polymer composites in their production and processing are revealed under wave treatment [1]. Excitation of nonlinear vibrations in multiphase media, such as paints and varnishes, polymer dispersions, etc., enhances heat and mass transfer and phase and chemical transformations, promotes deagglomeration and dispersion processes, and increases the stability of disperse systems. Enhancement of diffusion processes increases the number of collisions of active molecules, which, along with the decomposition of associates of initial oligomers, increases the conversion of reactants and accelerates the polycondensation of bifunctional compounds based on oligobutadienol and polyoxypropylene glycol [2].In this work, we studied the effect of wave treatment on the formation of properties of polymer composites in polymer synthesis by emulsion polymerization. The objects of wave treatment were aqueous emulsions of the following monomers: (1) butyl acrylate in the presence of the sulfonated oxyethylated alkylphenol C-10 as an emulsifier; (2) butyl acrylate, methylmethacrylate, and methacrylic acid in the presence of C-10; and also (3) styrene and methacrylic acid. Wave treatment (excitation of nonlinear vibrations) was performed according to a published procedure [1,2]. Since the vibrational action (the mechanical factor of the action on the interface) can be compared to the action of surfactants (the physicochemical factor) [3], it was of interest to analyze the joint action of wave treatment and surfactants on the properties of emulsions.In previous experiments [4][5][6][7], addition of a surfactant to an emulsion of styrene and acrylic monomers under nonequilibrium conditions (namely, addition to the phase in which these monomers are least soluble) caused an increase in the dispersity and stability of the emulsion in comparison with a conventional technology for producing emulsions by mixing monomers with surfactant solutions. This stabilization was due to the formation of a microemulsion at the monomerwater interface owing to surfactant diffusion through the interface. Since wave treatment of multiphase media enhances mass transfer, one can expect that intensification of the mechanical action on a disperse system can enhance surfactant mass transfer.The figure presents the results of experiments on breaking up emulsions of butyl acrylate and emulsions of butyl acrylate, methylmethacrylate, and methacrylic acid in a centrifugal force field at 3000 rpm. The emulsions were prepared using stirring with a magnetic stirrer at 300 rpm and using wave treatment. The emulsions obtained by mixing an aqueous solution of C-10 with monomers had low stability and were broken up virtually completely. The acrylic monomer emulsions prepared by introducing the surfactant into the monomer phase remained stable for a longer time and contained a significant amount o...

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“…Nonetheless, evaluation of the dispersion energy must involve the determination of the size of the newly formed interface ∆S in the corresponding systems. The shear stress on the interface in formation of an emulsion in the presence of surfactants is 10 −3 MPa [9]. In liquid-phase, chemical-engineering processes, mass transfer may be accompanied by the phenomena of interphase instability generated by hydrodynamic and hydrochemical interactions [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinctive features of formation of the properties of certain polymer composite materials under the influence of wave action

Fomin

Malyukova

Mezhikovskii

2005

J Eng Phys Thermophys

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Consideration has been given to the influence of vibrowave action on polymer dispersions (styrene-butadiene and acryl latexes and their blends), solutions of gelating polymers (polyacrylic acid, gelatin, and starch) with fillers (activated carbon and zeolite), and emulsions of the motor oil/water type. An increase in the degree of dispersity and the aggregative stability of disperse systems after their vibrowave treatment has been noted. An algorithm of calculation of a possible way of optimizing one method of intensification of mass transfer in the case where wave technology is used has been proposed.In solving technological problems associated with processing of polymers and production of polymer composite materials (PCMs) and caused by the intensification of such processes that are underlied by the phenomena of heat and mass transfer, it becomes necessary to describe the dynamic behavior of polymer systems. The problem of describing of the dynamic behavior of PCMs as multiphase, multicomponent systems in a wide viscosity range -from lowviscosity materials (of the type of paintwork materials) to high-viscosity ones (of the type of rubber blends, which may be considered by analogy with highly concentrated dispersions) -seems significant. For the most part, these are heterogeneous disperse systems whose properties are determined by the efficiency of mixing and the size of distributed particles.If polymer dispersions are considered as PCM models containing a liquid phase, it is necessary to note their sensitivity to external action. Fundamental is the ambiguous character of mechanical action (on the one hand, it may induce coagulation of colloidal system of the latex type, on the other, it is one way of producing artificial latexes). Intensification of mass exchange in the case where certain new technologies are used is a factor contributing to the overcoming of interphase instability. Among these technologies is a wave one whose theoretical foundations are based on studying the problems of wave mechanics which are associated with nonlinear vibrations and the stability of motion. It has been noted that specific features of the dynamic behavior of multiphase systems reveal themselves under vibrowave action on such systems in the audio-frequency band; these features are accompanied by the intensification of heat and mass exchange, the acceleration of relaxation processes and phase and chemical transformations, cavitation phenomena contributing to the processes of dispersion, the turbulization of the processes of mixing, and others. It is significant that the radical transfer of the energy of vibrations and waves to the energy of other forms of mechanical motion in a multiphase medium occurs in the resonant mode, and this considerably reduces the energy consumption [1].In the present work, vibrowave action has been used as the factor accelerating relaxation processes in PCMs. We considered, as the objects of investigation, latexes based on polymers of rigid-chain (styrene-butadiene) and flexible-chain (acryl) nature...

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Effect of the mechanism of formation of polymer-monomer particles on the kinetic patterns of emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Certain Aspects of the Optimization of Processing of Polymer Composites

Certain Aspects of the Optimization of Processing of Polymer Composites

Effect of Wave Treatment in Polymer Synthesis on the Formation of Properties of Polymer Composites

Distinctive features of formation of the properties of certain polymer composite materials under the influence of wave action

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