Effect of the Mechanical Load on the Carbonation of Concrete: A Review of the Underlying Mechanisms, Test Methods, and Results

Liu, Zhiyuan; Heede, Philip Van den; Belie, Nele De

doi:10.3390/ma14164407

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…The occurrence of an inflection point on the k Au curve with stress levels resulted from two effects acting together as D C . Compression and carbonation, on the one hand, caused the concrete microstructure to densify [ 1 ] but, on the other hand, caused microcracks to propagate [ 24 ].…”

Section: Test Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers a ported that the minimum chloride diffusion coefficient DC under a compressiv [17,21,42] was obtained at the stress level of 0.4-0.6. The occurrence of an inflection on the kAu curve with stress levels resulted from two effects acting together as DC pression and carbonation, on the one hand, caused the concrete microstructure to d [1] but, on the other hand, caused microcracks to propagate [24]. The kAu of concrete is a good indicator for reflecting the ability of concrete to resist the penetration of harmful substances, such as CO2, sulfate ions, and chloride ions.…”

Section: Air Permeability Coefficient and Carbonation Depth Of Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many factors affect the concrete carbonation: water–cement ratio [ 1 , 2 ], supplementary cementitious materials [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], CO 2 concentration [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], relative humidity [ 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], and applied load [ 8 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Much work based on the standard test methods and specifications has been carried out on concrete specimens in a load-free status without considering the effect of applied load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on the Air Permeability and Pore Structure of Concrete Subjected to Carbonation under Compressive Stress

et al. 2022

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Concrete structures have to withstand the combined effects of external load and environmental factors. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the durability of concrete under compression and carbonation. The air permeability coefficient (kAu) and pore structure of concrete under uniaxial compression and carbonation were measured by the Autoclam method and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The Autoclam test results showed that the concrete kAu changed in a concave parabolic manner with the compressive stress level, and the inflection point of the stress level was 45%. The MIP results showed that the characteristic pore structural parameters (porosity, average pore diameter, median pore diameter by area, and median pore diameter by volume) first decreased and then increased with the stress level change. The change in concrete microstructure was a result of the combined effect of pore filling, decalcification, and densification, as well as the split effect. The key pore structural parameters affecting kAu were confirmed using gray relational analysis (GRA). The top three parameters with the highest correlation with the carbonated concrete kAu were porosity (gray relational grade γi = 0.789), median pore diameter by volume (γi = 0.763), and proportion of transition pore volume (γi = 0.827). Furthermore, the regression analysis showed a good linear relation between kAu and the important pore structural parameters.

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Section: Test Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Air Permeability Coefficient and Carbonation Depth Of Concretementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation on the Air Permeability and Pore Structure of Concrete Subjected to Carbonation under Compressive Stress

et al. 2022

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“…This is attributed to the heterogeneous microstructure and redistribution of the pore sizes of the carbonation zone [32,33]. However, in practice, the concrete is subjected to a sustained load, which may cause creeping and microcracks [34]. To date, a preliminary understanding of the effect of precracking on the carbonation of concrete [35][36][37] has been gained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonation Behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites under Coupled Sustained Flexural Load and Accelerated Carbonation

Zhang

Shao

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Materials

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Engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) belong to a broad class of fibre-reinforced concrete. They incorporate synthetic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres, cement, fly ash and fine aggregates, and are designed to have a tensile strain capacity typically beyond 3%. This paper presents an investigation on the carbonation behaviour of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) under coupled sustained flexural load and accelerated carbonation. The carbonation depth under a sustained stress level of 0, 0.075, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 relative to flexural strength was measured after 7, 14 and 28 days of accelerated carbonation. Thermogravimetric analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry and microhardness measurements were carried out to show the coupled influence of sustained flexural load and accelerated carbonation on the changes of the mineral phases, porosity, pore size distribution and microhardness along the carbonation profile. A modified carbonation depth model that can be used to consider the coupled effect of flexural tensile stress and carbonation time was proposed. The results show that an exponential relationship can be observed between stress influence coefficient and flexural tensile stress level in the carbonation depth model of ECC, which is different when using plain concrete. Areas with a higher carbonation degree have greater microhardness, even under a large sustained load level, as the carbonation process refines the pore structure and the fibre bridges the crack effectively.

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“…The tensile performance of concrete material is weak, and fatigue cracks are easy to generate and propagate under repeated loading. The transport path enlarged by concrete fatigue cracking further accelerates the transport of aggressive agents in concrete and causes reinforcing bars to corrode earlier and faster [16,17]. When the reinforcing bar is corroded, the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing bar decreases, resulting in a decrease in fatigue resistance of the reinforcement [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion-Fatigue Life Prediction Modeling for RC Structures under Coupled Carbonation and Repeated Loading

Cui

Liu

et al. 2021

Mathematics

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The coupled action of concrete carbonation and repeated loading strongly influences the safety of reinforced concrete (RC) structures and substantially reduces service life. A novel corrosion-fatigue life prediction model for RC structures under coupled carbonation and repeated loading was developed. The effect of fatigue damage on concrete carbonation and carbonation-induced corrosion rate was considered, and the acceleration of fatigue damage accumulation due to reinforcement corrosion was considered in this approach. The proposed corrosion-fatigue life prediction model was illustrated by a 6 m-span RC slab in a simply supported slab bridge for the highway, and the effects of traffic frequency, overloading, carbonation environment grade, and environmental temperature and relative humidity on corrosion-fatigue life were discussed. The results indicate that the proposed model can predict the corrosion-fatigue life of RC structures simply and conveniently. Traffic frequency, overloading, carbonation environment grade, and environmental temperature and relative humidity can decrease the corrosion-fatigue life of the RC slab by up to 66.86%, 58.90%, 77.45%, and 44.95%, respectively. The research is expected to provide a framework for the corrosion-fatigue life prediction of RC structures under coupled carbonation and repeated loading.

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Effect of the Mechanical Load on the Carbonation of Concrete: A Review of the Underlying Mechanisms, Test Methods, and Results

Cited by 18 publications

References 82 publications

Investigation on the Air Permeability and Pore Structure of Concrete Subjected to Carbonation under Compressive Stress

Investigation on the Air Permeability and Pore Structure of Concrete Subjected to Carbonation under Compressive Stress

Carbonation Behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites under Coupled Sustained Flexural Load and Accelerated Carbonation

Corrosion-Fatigue Life Prediction Modeling for RC Structures under Coupled Carbonation and Repeated Loading

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