Effect of the level of effort during resistance training on intraocular pressure

Abstract

A single set of resistance training leading to muscular failure causes an instantaneous and progressive IOP rise in healthy young individuals. These IOP rises depend on exercise type (squat > military press = biceps curl > calf raise), but not on participant´s sex. OPP diminished as a consequence of performing resistance training exercise, being statistically significant for the squat and military press exercises. Future studies should include glaucoma patients aiming to corroborate the generalizability of our findings.

Effects of caffeine consumption on intraocular pressure during low‐intensity endurance exercise: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, balanced crossover study

“…However, physiological responses to caffeine have demonstrated to be dependent on dose 38,39 and timing of ingestion 40 and, thus, the mediating role of caffeine‐dose and time frame between caffeine intake and IOP assessment during physical exercise deserves further investigation. Third, the type of physical exercise (ie, isometric and dynamic exercises), exercise intensity, participants' fitness level and level of dehydration are known to modulate the IOP response to exercise 31,41‐43 . It is our hope that future studies will assess the mediating role of these factors on the IOP response when caffeine is consumed before exercise.…”

Impact of resistance training sets performed until muscular failure with different loads on intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure

“…31 Finally, IOP and OPP were assessed in a pre/post manner, and the behavior of these variables within the training set may be different. 7…”

“…It should be noted that although a positive association between the load and IOP increase has been found in different experimental conditions, 6 the comparable level of effort (all sets will be performed until muscular failure) may play a role in these effects. 7 These results should provide valuable information regarding the acute effect of a commonly applied resistance training set configuration on the ocular physiology.…”

“…the number of repetitions performed with respect to the maximum number of repetitions that can be performed before reaching muscular failure). 7 Nevertheless, a more stable IOP response has been found in high-fit individuals compared to their low-fit counterparts after executing the bench press and squat exercises against the same relative loads (% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM)), suggesting that strength training should be recommended. 8 Although the scientific literature is controversial, 9 strength training leading to muscular failure has been traditionally recommended as an optimal training strategy in order to induce greater strength gains and hypertrophic adaptations.…”

“…10 In this regard, it is currently known that performing sets until muscular failure against the 10RM load (≈70%–85% of the 1RM depending on the exercise and subjects’ characteristics) meaningfully alters the ocular physiology. 7 However, since the load used during resistance training also influences IOP and OPP responses, 5,6 it would be important to determine the effect of reaching muscular failure with different loads on IOP and OPP responses. This information would permit to identify the most pertinent training strategy for exercise prescription when stable levels of IOP and OPP are necessary.…”