Effect of the level and concentration of liquid milk substitutes fed to early weaned calves

Burt, A. W. A.; Bell, E. O.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600008893

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Burt and Bell (1962) also found considerable individual variations between calves even on the same treatment. There was also a wide difference in water consumption according to size of calf entering the unit, and this was significant between the highest and lowest weight blocks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

The management of calves on an early-weaning system: the relationship of voluntary water intake to dry feed intake and live-weight gain to 5 weeks

Thickett¹,

Cuthbert²,

Brigstocke³

et al. 1981

Anim. Sci.

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1981). The management of calves on an early-weaning system: the relationship of voluntary water intake to dry feed intake and liveweight gain to 5 weeks. ABSTRACTA trial compared the voluntary water intake of 72 purchased British Friesian bull calves fed at different nutrient intake levels by varying the type and strength of the milk replacer given to 5 weeks of age. There was no control group without water on offer. Water was offered from the 1st day the animals entered the unit. All calves received 4 I/day of either cows' milk (12 calves), milk replacer with 100 g fat per kg (24 calves), milk replacer with 170 g fat per kg (24 calves) or milk replacer with 200 g fat per kg (12 calves). Standard early-weaning pellets containing 190 g crude protein per kg and hay ad libitum were on offer from the 2nd day on the unit. Results indicated that voluntary intakes of water were highest with calves fed on cows' milk and lowest on the milk replacer with 100 g fat per kg given at the lowest mixing strength, although differences were only significant in week 5 (P<005). By covariance analysis, the effects of water intakes on live-weight gain and on pellet intake were examined. The regression coefficient of live-weight gain (weeks 0 to 5) (kg) on water intake (weeks 1 to 5) (1) was b = 0-056 (s.e. 0021, P < 0 0 1 ) . The regression coefficient of pellet intake (weeks 0 to 5) (kg) on water consumption was: b = 0-082 (s.e. 0031, P < 0 0 1 ) . There was thus a significant correlation of both live-weight gain and pellet intake with water intake. For each extra litre of water consumed per day, there was an extra pellet intake of 0082 kg and an increase in live-weight gain of 0056 kg. There was a significant difference in total water intake according to the initial live weight of the calf.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

The management of calves on an early-weaning system: the relationship of voluntary water intake to dry feed intake and live-weight gain to 5 weeks

Thickett¹,

Cuthbert²,

Brigstocke³

et al. 1981

Anim. Sci.

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“…between the treatments there was a linear trend, with D.M. However, Burt and Bell (1962), using D.M. in the diet decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

The effect of concentration of milk substitute on the performance of artificially reared lambs

Large

1965

Anim. Sci.

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SUMMARY1. Six Dorset Horn lambs were reared on each of four different concentrations of reconstituted full-cream dried milk powder (10, 15, 20 and 25 % dry matter). The lambs were fed to appetite four times a day for 3 weeks.2. The lambs consumed significantly more liquid milk at the two lower concentrations. Intake of waterper seincreased with increasing concentration of dry matter.3. There were no significant differences in the consumption of milk dry matter between the treatments, although there was a significant linear trend, with dry-matter intake decreasing with decreasing concentration.4. There were no significant differences between the treatments in live-weight gain from 0 to 3 weeks or from 0 to 10 weeks.5. There were no significant differences in the efficiency of feed conversion between the treatments.6. Examination of the distribution of milk intake within days showed that the proportion of milk voluntarily consumed in the first feed of the day increased with age and with concentration.7. The incidence of scouring was high, but there was no general relationship with treatment.8. Abrupt weaning was not satisfactory for the lambs which had been offered only liquid food for 3 weeks and they had to receive a low level of milk feeding for a further week while they became accustomed to solid food.

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“…1959;Everitt 1972a;Reardon & Everitt 1972) illustrate that the early postnatal period in cattle is particularly sensitive to under-feeding, with long-term effects. Other studies with single-born calves confirm this view and show that the stunting effect is not due solely to a small pre-natal penalty suffered by twins (Burt & Bell 1962;Wardrop 1966;Everitt et al 1969;Lonsdale & Tayler 1969;M.L.C. 1971a;Gleeson 1971;Everitt 1972b;Byford 1973;Smith et al 1973;Dalton et al 1975;Kaiser & O'Neil 1975;Everitt et at.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Growth of cattle in relation to nutrition in early life

Everitt¹,

Jury²

1977

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Two experiments with monozygous twins showed that mature body weight of cattle can be modified by under-feeding the calf during the first 16 weeks after birth. Compensatory growth failed to make up the differences caused through retarded early growth by the time cf slaughter, at approximately 35 months of age in one experiment, and by 13 months of age in the other. Early nutritional treatments did not affect carcass composition. The effects of differential feeding on later live-weight growth were most evident when under-feeding lasted for 16 weeks after birth. Shorter periods of feed restriction, 8 and 4 weeks, also reduced later live weights but to a lesser absolute degree. Between animals within treatments the growth rates from 200 to 400 days of age, and from 200 to 550 days. were positively associated with the live weights recorded at 16 weeks of age in one experiment, but not significantly so in the other. High rank correlations of co-twins reared differently were recorded for live and carcass weights and carcass components. The results are discussed in the context of commercial beef production and the implications for central growth performance and progeny tests of beef animals in a genetic selection programme. Differential early rearing may seriously affect the evaluation of genetic merit when animals are brought together later in life for comparative growth testing. but when animals are reared together the level of rearing imposed may not markedly affect their performance ranking.

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Effect of the level and concentration of liquid milk substitutes fed to early weaned calves

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

The management of calves on an early-weaning system: the relationship of voluntary water intake to dry feed intake and live-weight gain to 5 weeks

The management of calves on an early-weaning system: the relationship of voluntary water intake to dry feed intake and live-weight gain to 5 weeks

The effect of concentration of milk substitute on the performance of artificially reared lambs

Growth of cattle in relation to nutrition in early life

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