Effect of the Laser Scan Rate on the Microstructure, Magnetic Properties, and Microhardness of Selective Laser-Melted FeSiB

Alleg, S.; Drablia, Rima; Fenineche, N.

doi:10.1007/s10948-018-4621-z

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A fully amorphous phase is achieved within the range of 5-26 at.% B and 0-29 at.% Si [67]. Accordingly, Fe 92.4 Si 3.1 B 4.5 alloy was produced with SLM with a laser scan speed of 100-150 mm/s and laser power of 90 W by using gas-atomised powder having particle sizes less than 30 µm, purchased from NANOVAL company as Fe 92.4 Si 3.1 B 4.5 amorphous powder [68]. Nanocrystalline α-Fe 0.95 Si 0.05 and Fe 2 B phases in an amorphous ε-FeSi type matrix was observed in the microstructure.…”

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is obvious that H c increases with increasing laser scanning speed up to 400 mm/s and then levels off. Since H c is generally associated with the size, shape and the dispersion degree of the crystallites, including lattice distortion and internal stresses, high values of coercivity are attributed to the structural defects, such as vacancies and interstitials that originated from the laser melting process [68].…”

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the perspective of magnetic properties, while the produced alloy in [8] possesses relatively low magnetic saturation and coercivity, the glassy alloy in Ref. [68] has relatively high saturation magnetisation and coercivity. This may due to the different alloy design and composition, process parameter or problems that occurred during the production, causing structural defects.…”

Section: Direct Energy Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Ozden

Morley

2021

Magnetochemistry

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Fe-based amorphous materials offer new opportunities for magnetic sensors, actuators, and magnetostrictive transducers due to their high saturation magnetostriction (λs = 20–40 ppm) and low coercive field compared with polycrystalline Fe-based alloys, which have high magnetostriction but large coercive fields and Co-based amorphous alloys with small magnetostriction (λs = −3 to −5 ppm). Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) offers a new fabrication technique for more complex net-shaping designs. This paper reviews the two different ALM techniques that have been used to fabricate Fe-based amorphous magnetic materials, including the structural and magnetic properties. Selective laser melting (SLM)—a powder-bed fusion technique—and laser-engineered net shaping (LENS)—a directed energy deposition method—have both been utilised to fabricate amorphous alloys, owing to their high availability and low cost within the literature. Two different scanning strategies have been introduced by using the SLM technique. The first strategy is a double-scanning strategy, which gives rise to maximum relative density of 96% and corresponding magnetic saturation of 1.22 T. It also improved the glassy phase content by an order of magnitude of 47%, as well as improving magnetic properties (decreasing coercivity to 1591.5 A/m and increasing magnetic permeability to around 100 at 100 Hz). The second is a novel scanning strategy, which involves two-step melting: preliminary laser melting and short pulse amorphisation. This increased the amorphous phase fraction to a value of up to 89.6%, and relative density up to 94.1%, and lowered coercivity to 238 A/m. On the other hand, the LENS technique has not been utilised as much as SLM in the production of amorphous alloys owing to its lower geometric accuracy (0.25 mm) and lower surface quality, despite its benefits such as providing superior mechanical properties, controlled composition and microstructure. As a result, it has been commonly used for large parts with low complexity and for repairing them, limiting the production of amorphous alloys because of the size limitation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these techniques for Fe-based amorphous magnetic materials.

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Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Powder-bed Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Energy Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Ozden

Morley

2021

Magnetochemistry

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“…This is because the laser power is a critical parameter for The saturation magnetization (M s ) values of the printed samples, range from 160 to 230 Am 2 kg À1 (Figure 4), are comparable to the other LPBF-processed Fe-based nanocrystalline materials (150-199 Am 2 kg À1 ). [41,[47][48][49][50] M s of soft-magnetic nanocrystalline alloys depends strongly on the fraction of crystalline and amorphous phases, the crystalline phase amount, and the alloy composition with the amount of magnetic transition metals (Fe, Co, and Ni) being the most influential factor. [51] In all 3D-printed samples, the alloy composition is identical, and thus, the M s values differ based on the amount of the α-Fe(Si) phase throughout the samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Soft‐Magnetic Properties of Fe‐Based Nanocrystalline Materials with a Novel Double‐Scanning Technique

Özden,

Morley

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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This paper presents a novel scanning technique for the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of Fe‐based soft‐magnetic alloys, which have low glass forming ability, and microstructural change happened during LPBF process. This technique involves double scanning where: (i) the first scan applied uses high energy density (E=P/vht, where P is laser power, v is laser scan speed, h is hatch spacing and t is layer thickness) with different process parameters (P: 30, 40 and 50 W, v: 500, 600 and 700 mm/s, h: 20 and 30 µm and t: 50 µm) to achieve high density and (ii) the second scan employed before the spreading subsequent powder layer, uses low E (= 20 J/mm3, P= 20 W, v= 1000 mm/s, h= 20 µm and t= 50 µm) to refine the microstructure and thus reduce coercivity. To comprehend microstructural change, the quantity and the particle size distribution of the α‐Fe(Si) phase (main phase in the microstructure) were measured. The double scanning strategy refined the microstructure to finer crystallites with a narrow particle size distribution. This increased the saturation magnetization (M s ) to a maximum value of 226.81 Am2/kg and reduced the coercivity (H c ) to a lowest value recorded (130 A/m). Likewise, the bulk density (94.59% ‐ 99.25%) was enhanced significantly with double scanning, especially the samples produced using high P (50 W) resulting from the relieving of the mechanical and thermal stress evolving during the process.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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“…To do this, all the major process parameters were considered: laser power (P), laser scan speed (v), hatch spacing (h), and layer thickness (t). Researchers have generally investigated the effects of laser power and laser scan speed on the properties of Fe-based MG. [3,[8][9][10][11] This work provides a comprehensive experimental study to optimize the LPBF process for the differing process parameters (P, v, h, and t). DOI: 10.1002/adem.202300597…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft‐Magnetic Behavior of Fe‐Based Nanocrystalline Alloys Produced Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion

2023

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Herein, an extensive experimental study is presented on the influence of the major process parameters of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique on the bulk density and soft‐magnetic properties of Fe‐based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). For this purpose, 81 samples are manufactured using the combinations of different process parameters, that is, layer thickness (t: 50–70 μm), laser power (P: 70–130 W), laser scan speed (v: 900–1100 mm s−1), and hatch spacing (h: 20–40 μm). High bulk density (≥99%) is achieved utilizing low P and v combined with low h and t in order to decrease energy input to the powder, preventing cracks associated with the brittle nature of BMGs. Furthermore, it is indicated that h = 30 μm and v = 1000 mm s−1 play a determining role in acquiring high saturation magnetization (≥200 Am2 kg−1). Due to the laser scanning nature of the process, two distinct microstructures evolve, melt‐pool (MP) and heat‐affected zone (HAZ). According to thermal modeling performed in this study, laser power has the major effect on the thermal development in the microstructure (thermal gradient evolved between the two hatches and the cooling rate from MP through HAZ).

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Effect of the Laser Scan Rate on the Microstructure, Magnetic Properties, and Microhardness of Selective Laser-Melted FeSiB

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Fe-Based Magnetic Amorphous Alloys

Enhancing Soft‐Magnetic Properties of Fe‐Based Nanocrystalline Materials with a Novel Double‐Scanning Technique

Soft‐Magnetic Behavior of Fe‐Based Nanocrystalline Alloys Produced Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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