Effect of the intermediate sulfide layer on the Cu2ZnSnS4-based solar cells

Yu, Seong Man; Lim, Kwang-Soo; Shin, Dongwook; Oh, Tae-Sik; Yoo, Ji‐Beom

doi:10.1007/s10854-016-6241-3

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Additionally, the use of EDS further confirms the presence of Cu 2 S by analyzing the elemental composition of these large grains. The combination of SEM and EDS provides an effective method for identifying and characterizing Cu 2 S secondary phase in CZTS films, aiding in the comprehensive analysis of their structural composition as reported in various studies [100,101]. Similarly, Buffiere et al, discovered particles measuring around 80 nm, situated at the base of the CZTSe film, which when analyzed by EDS found to be rich in Cu and Se, meaning the presence of Cu 2 Se [102].…”

Section: Morphological and Compositional Analysis Sem-edxmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Zaki,

Velea

2024

Energies

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Kesterite-based copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) and copper zinc tin selenide (CZTSe) thin films have attracted considerable attention as promising materials for sustainable and cost-effective thin-film solar cells. However, the successful integration of these materials into photovoltaic devices is hindered by the coexistence of secondary phases, which can significantly affect device performance and stability. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress and challenges in controlling secondary phases in kesterite CZTS and CZTSe thin films. Drawing from relevant studies, we discuss state-of-the-art strategies and techniques employed to mitigate the formation of secondary phases. These include a range of deposition methods, such as electrodeposition, sol-gel, spray pyrolysis, evaporation, pulsed laser deposition, and sputtering, each presenting distinct benefits in enhancing phase purity. This study highlights the importance of employing various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, for the precise identification of secondary phases in CZTS and CZTSe thin films. Furthermore, the review discusses innovative strategies and techniques aimed at mitigating the occurrence of secondary phases, including process optimization, compositional tuning, and post-deposition treatments. These approaches offer promising avenues for enhancing the purity and performance of kesterite-based thin-film solar cells. Challenges and open questions in this field are addressed, and potential future research directions are proposed. By comprehensively analyzing recent advancements, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of secondary phase-related issues in kesterite CZT(S/Se) thin films, paving the way for enhanced performance and commercial viability of thin-film solar cell technologies.

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Section: Morphological and Compositional Analysis Sem-edxmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Zaki,

Velea

2024

Energies

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“…In this study, to control the formation of non-uniformly distributed large voids and Cu–Sn alloy agglomeration, which leads to local compositional misfit and the formation of a secondary phase at the grain boundary, SnS was applied instead of metal Sn; the origin of the Cu–Sn alloy agglomeration was reported as liquid Sn . In the previous study, it was reported that the homogeneity of the CZTS thin film was improved when Sn was replaced with the SnS precursor . Also, it was reported that the closer SnS was to the substrate, the more suppressed was elemental loss .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 In the previous study, it was reported that the homogeneity of the CZTS thin film was improved when Sn was replaced with the SnS precursor. 19 Also, it was reported that the closer SnS was to the substrate, the more suppressed was elemental loss. 20 In the case of using SnS/Cu/Zn stacked precursors in our base sulfoselenization process, it was impossible to fabricate because of the delamination problem during the device fabrication process.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CZTSSe Formation Mechanism Using a Cu/Zn/SnS Stacked Precursor: Origin of Triple CZTSSe Layer Formation

Kim

Son

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In this study, to control the formation of nonuniformly distributed large voids and Cu−Sn alloy agglomeration, which leads to local compositional misfit and secondary phase formation, a SnS compound precursor was applied instead of metal Sn to avoid compositional non-uniformity. Using a Cu/Zn/SnS stacked precursor, a temperature tracking experiment was conducted to confirm the formation controllability of the void and the secondary phase. According to the results of this temperature-profile tracking experiment, it was confirmed that the large void was successfully controlled; however, an additional ZnSSe secondary phase layer was formed in the middle of the CZTSSe upper layer and small voids were distributed relatively uniformly in the bottom CZTSSe layer. An efficiency of approximately 8% was obtained when the Cu/Zn/SnS stacked precursor was used. The origins of the low short-circuit current and fill factor are posited to be caused by the increase of the energy bandgap of the CZTSSe layer due to the SnS precursor, the thin top CZTSSe layer (around 600 nm) of the triple CZTSSe layer, and the diffusion length extension of the minor carriers caused by bypassing the ZnSSe phase.

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Secondary phases and their influence on optical and electrical properties of electrodeposited Cu2FeSnS4 films

et al. 2021

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Effect of the intermediate sulfide layer on the Cu2ZnSnS4-based solar cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

Recent Progress and Challenges in Controlling Secondary Phases in Kesterite CZT(S/Se) Thin Films: A Critical Review

CZTSSe Formation Mechanism Using a Cu/Zn/SnS Stacked Precursor: Origin of Triple CZTSSe Layer Formation

Secondary phases and their influence on optical and electrical properties of electrodeposited Cu2FeSnS4 films

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