Effect of the Human Amniotic Membrane on Liver Regeneration in Rats

Abstract

Introduction. Operations are performed for broader liver surgery indications for a better understanding of hepatic anatomy/physiology and developments in operation technology. Surgery can cure some patients with liver metastasis of some tumors. Nevertheless, postoperative liver failure is the most feared complication causing mortality in patients who have undergone excision of a large liver mass. The human amniotic membrane has regenerative effects. Thus, we investigated the effects of the human amniotic membrane on regeneration of the resected liver. Methods. Twenty female Wistar albino rats were divided into control and experimental groups and underwent a 70% hepatectomy. The human amniotic membrane was placed over the residual liver in the experimental group. Relative liver weight, histopathological features, and biochemical parameters were assessed on postoperative day 3. Results. Total protein and albumin levels were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. No difference in relative liver weight was observed between the groups. Hepatocyte mitotic count was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Hepatic steatosis was detected in the experimental group. Conclusion. Applying the amniotic membrane to residual liver adversely affected liver regeneration. However, mesenchymal stem cell research has the potential to accelerate liver regeneration investigations.

Mesenchymal stem cells seeded on a human amniotic membrane improve liver regeneration and mouse survival after extended hepatectomy

“…Similarly, MSCs and HAM could have exerted their regenerative effects at an earlier phase, before the POD2 time point selected for proliferation assessment. Also, the mitotic index could have been more informative, as shown by Sipahi et al (). Another explanation is that MSCs may restore liver functions by metabolic support (Christ et al, ) in our model.…”

“…HAM hypoimmunogenic, antibacterial, antiangiogenic, and proregenerative properties are exploited to promote wound healing and tissue repair in several pathologies, including ocular injuries and lung, heart, and neurological degenerative diseases (Niknejad et al, ; Parolini & Caruso, ). In rat models, HAMs show an antifibrotic effect after bile duct ligation (Ricci et al, ) and promote liver regeneration after large hepatectomy (Sipahi et al, ). Acellular HAMs have been used to construct tissue‐engineered products with retinal pigment epithelium or limbal stem cells for corneal damage or with fibroblasts and keratinocytes for skin repair (Niknejad et al, ).…”

Amniotic Membrane and Its Derivatives: Novel Therapeutic Modalities in Liver Disorders

“…Taken together, biomedical application of hAM and its derivatives is a developing market and could be used for biomedical research and treatment of liver diseases. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) murine NASH model increased total levels of anti-fibrotic IFNβ in mice treated with a single dose of hAECs [86] Human Amniotic membrane (hAM) Bile duct ligated Rat Reduced liver fibrosis in a surgical animal model of cholestasis [106] Human Amniotic membrane patch Bile duct ligated Rat application of the amniotic membrane around only one hepatic lobe was being more effective in reducing the liver fibrosis [107] Human Amniotic membrane patch Wistar albino rats Applied amniotic membrane to residual liver adversely affected liver regeneration [108] Human Amniotic membrane patch Bile duct ligated Rats AM patch reduce fibrosis by downregulating the profibrotic factor such as TGF-b1 and IL-6 [109] Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSCs) Acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver injury mice hAMSCs suppressed M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization of Kupffer cells through regulating autophagy [110] amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) Rat and human Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) AECs can respond to proangiogenic signals in vitro and differentiate into HSECs in vivo [111] Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMCs) Immunocompetent CCL4 treated mice suppressed activation of hepatic stellate cells, decreased hepatocyte apoptosis and promoted liver regeneration [112] Mice amniotic-fluid-derived stem cells (mAFSCs) CCL 4 treated mice Reduced fibrosis by mAFSCs injection [113] human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stromal (hAMSCs) and epithelial stem cells (hAECs) CCL 4 -cirrhotic rats Rats that received amnion derived stem cells had markedly reduced hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress/improved liver function in rats receiving hAMSCs [114] Human amniotic membrane patch Bile duct ligated Rats AM patch could attenuate the severity of biliary fibrosis for longer periods [115] Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) Bile duct ligated Rats Reduced fibroblast numbers/reduced activation of portal fibroblast [116] Acellular human amniotic membrane CCL 4 treated mice Functional acellular human amniotic membrane-hepatocytes grafts integrated with the liver decreases the acute liver injury of mice [79] Table 1. Cont.…”