Effect of the Fusarium toxins, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol, on the mouse brain

Ren, Zhihua; Deng, Huidan; Deng, Youtian; Deng, Junliang; Zuo, Zhuang; Yu, Shumin; Shen, Liuhong; Cui, Hengmin; Xu, Zhiwen; Hu, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.028

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Concentration of nivalenol, a closely related molecule to DON, was also higher in the DON-contaminated diet than the control (0.62 versus 0.02 mg/kg feed). Both nivalenol and ZEN are known to co-occur with DON in naturally contaminated feed and feed ingredients (Mirocha et al, 1976;Yoshizawa and Hosokawa, 1983;Zinedine et al, 2007;Gerez et al, 2015;Calori-Domingues et al, 2016;Smith et al, 2016;Bryła et al, 2018) and were found to have a synergistic toxic effect with DON (Gerez et al, 2015;Ren et al, 2016;Alassane-Kpembi et al, 2017b). The concentration of DON contamination also affects the severity of the impact in which multiple studies have already reported its dose-dependent effect particularly in feed intake (Rotter et al, 1994;Dänicke et al, 2006;Guerre, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An acute challenge with a deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet has short- and long-term effects on performance and feeding behavior in finishing pigs1

Serviento

Brossard

Renaudeau

2018

Journal of Animal Science

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by various fungi and are known to contaminate animal feed ingredients especially cereals. One of the most common mycotoxins in swine diets is deoxynivalenol (DON) which is known to decrease growth performance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of single or repeated shortterm DON challenges on growth performance, and feeding behavior in finishing pigs. A total of 160 pigs were distributed to four experimental groups in two successive replicates with each pig individually measured for live BW and individually fed using an electronic feeding station. The pigs in control group CC were fed with a standard finisher diet during the whole duration of the experimental period. Groups DC, CD, and DD were given the DON-contaminated diet (3.02 mg DON/kg feed) for 7 d at 113 d, at 134 d, and at 113 and 134 d of age, respectively. The DON-contaminated diet was formulated with a naturally contaminated corn. During challenge periods, ADFI was decreased by 26% to 32% (P < 0.05) and ADG by 40% to 60% (P < 0.05). The drop in ADFI during DON challenges was associated with changes in the feeding behavior: when compared to the nonchallenged pigs, pigs fed with DON-contaminated diet had lower number of meals per day (9.6 versus 8.2 meals per day on average; P < 0.05) and slower feeding rate (42.0 g/min versus 39.9 g/min on average; P < 0.05). For the whole trial period, pigs submitted to the DON challenge at the end of the experiment (i.e., first time for CD group and second time for DD group) had a lower (P < 0.05) ADFI (2.67 and 2.59 kg/d, respectively) when compared to the control CC group of pigs (2.87 kg/d). An intermediate value was reported for the DC groups (2.79 kg/d). All challenged groups, i.e., DC, CD, and DD pigs, had lower (P < 0.05) overall ADG (970, 940, and 900 g/day, respectively) than CC (1,050 g/day) for the whole trial period. Pigs challenged early in the trial, i.e., DC and DD groups, had a higher (P < 0.05) FCR than CC group (3.00 and 3.06 versus 2.80, respectively) while group CD showed intermediate results (2.92). This study demonstrates that the severity of DON toxicity in pig performance can be related to the age of exposure (113 or 134 d) and the number of exposures to the toxin (one or two). Exposure to DON also resulted to longterm effects because challenged pigs showed limited ability to recover after the DON-induced reduction of feed intake.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An acute challenge with a deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet has short- and long-term effects on performance and feeding behavior in finishing pigs1

Serviento

Brossard

Renaudeau

2018

Journal of Animal Science

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“…ZEN can cross the blood-brain barrier and may influence neurons in the central nervous system [ 188 , 189 ]. It has been shown that exposure to ZEN leads to the abnormal synthesis of neuronal factors and enzymes in the brain neurons, induces apoptosis of the neuronal cells, increases oxidative stress reactions, influences the development of the nervous system, may cause behavioral aberrations and affects glial cell functions [ 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 ]. In turn, in the GI system, ZEN (among others) disturbs intestinal homeostasis, changes intestinal microbiome, causes inflammatory cell proliferation and inflammation in the intestinal mucosal layer [ 11 , 193 , 194 , 195 ].…”

Section: Mycotoxins Affecting the Enteric Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins and the Enteric Nervous System

Gonkowski

Gajęcka

Makowska

2020

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by various fungal species. They are commonly found in a wide range of agricultural products. Mycotoxins contained in food enter living organisms and may have harmful effects on many internal organs and systems. The gastrointestinal tract, which first comes into contact with mycotoxins present in food, is particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of these toxins. One of the lesser-known aspects of the impact of mycotoxins on the gastrointestinal tract is the influence of these substances on gastrointestinal innervation. Therefore, the present study is the first review of current knowledge concerning the influence of mycotoxins on the enteric nervous system, which plays an important role, not only in almost all regulatory processes within the gastrointestinal tract, but also in adaptive and protective reactions in response to pathological and toxic factors in food.

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“…Additionally, ZEN and its analogues might have potential applications as drugs in estrogen replacement therapies [ 68 ]. Different cellular mechanisms have been evaluated to elucidate the endocrine and neurotoxic effects of ZEN on brain function [ 14 ]; however, no data are available regarding ZEN’s modulatory effect on thyroid receptor (TRs) expression in the cerebellum. Several studies reported that different chemicals can bind to TRs and may evoke complex TH signaling events [ 69 , 70 ], therefore, we focused our research on ZEN-induced TRα and TRβ mRNA and protein expression profiles in primary cerebellar granule cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cells were treated after seven days of growth in culture with the following hormones at physiologically relevant concentrations: 116 nM 17β-estradiol (E2), 0.92 nM 3,3′,5-triiodo- l -thyronine (T3), 65 nM l -thyroxine (T4) and/or the endocrine disruptor zearalenone (ZEN). ZEN concentration was set to 0.1 nM according to literature [ 2 , 14 ] as the expected brain concentration after chronic exposure to this mycotoxin. Treatments were applied for 6 h for qRT-PCR and 18 h for Western blot studies before cell harvesting.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZEN involvement in the disruption of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and the activation of mitochondrial apoptotic processes was also demonstrated [ 11 , 12 ]. Very few studies investigated the effects of ZEN on the central nervous system and/or on neurotoxicity [ 13 , 14 ]. In human neuroblastoma cell lines, a marked suppressive effect on neuronal gene expression and ZEN-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was observed [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of Zearalenone Effects on Thyroid Receptor Alpha (TRα) and Beta (TRβ) Expression in Rat Primary Cerebellar Cell Cultures

Kiss

Ioja

Tóth

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Thyroid receptors play an important role in postnatal brain development. Zearalenone (ZEN), a major mycotoxin of Fusarium fungi, is well known to cause serious health problems in animals and humans through various mechanisms, including the physiological pathways of thyroid hormone (TH). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression of thyroid receptors α (TRα) and β (TRβ) in primary cerebellar neurons in the presence or absence of glia and following ZEN treatment, using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Primary cerebellar granule cells were treated with low doses of ZEN (0.1 nM) in combination with physiologically relevant concentrations of l-thyroxine (T4), 3,3′,5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) and 17β-estradiol (E2). Expression levels of TRα and TRβ at mRNA and protein levels were slightly modified by ZEN administered alone; however, along with thyroid and steroid hormones, modelling the physiological conditions, expression levels of TRs varied highly depending on the given treatment. Gene expression levels were also highly modulated by the presence or absence of glial cells, with mostly contrasting effects. Our results demonstrate divergent transcriptional and translational mechanisms involved in the expression of TRs implied by ZEN and hormonal milieu, as well as culturing conditions.

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Effect of the Fusarium toxins, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol, on the mouse brain

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

An acute challenge with a deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet has short- and long-term effects on performance and feeding behavior in finishing pigs1

An acute challenge with a deoxynivalenol-contaminated diet has short- and long-term effects on performance and feeding behavior in finishing pigs1

Mycotoxins and the Enteric Nervous System

Comparative Analysis of Zearalenone Effects on Thyroid Receptor Alpha (TRα) and Beta (TRβ) Expression in Rat Primary Cerebellar Cell Cultures

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