“…Besides, the corrosion behaviours of AZ31B magnesium alloy caused by the fungi of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum were investigated. The results reflected that both fungi could decrease the resistance of corrosion on the alloy [37,38]. The above corrosion results prove that microbial biofilm can reduce anti-corrosion of magnesium alloy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…There are quite a few reasons that can account for the corrosion of magnesium alloys [31,32,33]; for instance, moist or polluted atmosphere, temperature, microorganisms, concentration of Cl − , Br − , SO 4 2− and NO 3 − , pH, etc. Among them, the corrosion effects of microorganisms may play a significant role in analogical problems [34,35,36,37,38]. The corrosion behaviour of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on Ce-modified cast AZ91 magnesium alloy, AZ91D magnesium alloy, and 2024-T31 Al-Cu-Mg alloy were studied separately [34,35,36], which all indicated that SRB accelerated the corrosion procedure of these alloys.…”
It is well known that microorganisms tend to form biofilms on metal surfaces to accelerate/decelerate corrosion and affect their service life. Bacillus subtilis was used to produce a dense biofilm on an AZ31B magnesium alloy surface. Corrosion behavior of the alloy with the B. subtilis biofilm was evaluated in artificial seawater. The results revealed that the biofilm hampered extracellular electron transfer significantly, which resulted in a decrease of icorr and increase of Rt clearly compared to the control group. Moreover, an ennoblement of Ecorr was detected under the condition of B. subtilis biofilm covering. Significant reduction of the corrosion was observed by using the cyclic polarization method. All of these prove that the existence of the B. subtilis biofilm effectively enhances the anti-corrosion performance of the AZ31B magnesium alloy. This result may enhance the usage of bio-interfaces for temporary corrosion control. In addition, a possible corrosion inhibition mechanism of B. subtilis on AZ31B magnesium alloy was proposed.
“…Besides, the corrosion behaviours of AZ31B magnesium alloy caused by the fungi of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum were investigated. The results reflected that both fungi could decrease the resistance of corrosion on the alloy [37,38]. The above corrosion results prove that microbial biofilm can reduce anti-corrosion of magnesium alloy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…There are quite a few reasons that can account for the corrosion of magnesium alloys [31,32,33]; for instance, moist or polluted atmosphere, temperature, microorganisms, concentration of Cl − , Br − , SO 4 2− and NO 3 − , pH, etc. Among them, the corrosion effects of microorganisms may play a significant role in analogical problems [34,35,36,37,38]. The corrosion behaviour of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on Ce-modified cast AZ91 magnesium alloy, AZ91D magnesium alloy, and 2024-T31 Al-Cu-Mg alloy were studied separately [34,35,36], which all indicated that SRB accelerated the corrosion procedure of these alloys.…”
It is well known that microorganisms tend to form biofilms on metal surfaces to accelerate/decelerate corrosion and affect their service life. Bacillus subtilis was used to produce a dense biofilm on an AZ31B magnesium alloy surface. Corrosion behavior of the alloy with the B. subtilis biofilm was evaluated in artificial seawater. The results revealed that the biofilm hampered extracellular electron transfer significantly, which resulted in a decrease of icorr and increase of Rt clearly compared to the control group. Moreover, an ennoblement of Ecorr was detected under the condition of B. subtilis biofilm covering. Significant reduction of the corrosion was observed by using the cyclic polarization method. All of these prove that the existence of the B. subtilis biofilm effectively enhances the anti-corrosion performance of the AZ31B magnesium alloy. This result may enhance the usage of bio-interfaces for temporary corrosion control. In addition, a possible corrosion inhibition mechanism of B. subtilis on AZ31B magnesium alloy was proposed.
“…However, relatively few studies have focused on the involvement of fungi. In fact, a wide variety of fungi commonly existing in nature are capable of influencing metal corrosion (Salvarezza et al, 1983;Ayllon and Rosales, 1994;Hagenauer et al, 1994;Little et al, 1997;Videla et al, 1988;Galarde et al, 1999;Little and Ray, 2002;McNamara et al, 2005;Araya et al, 2007;Belov et al, 2008;Rosales and Iannuzzi, 2008;Smirnov et al, 2008;Qu et al, 2015;Ching et al, 2016). For example, fungus Hormoconis (Cladosporium) resinae, a main microorganism found in the aviation fuel system, could affect the corrosion of aluminum fuel tanks with the corrosive acid metabolites or the corrosion inhibitor produced by the microorganism (Salvarezza et al, 1983;Videla et al, 1988;Ayllon and Rosales, 1994).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For instance, A. niger and P. frequentans had been reported to protect pure aluminum from corrosion during two years of exposure, mainly by developing a passivating layer of aluminum oxides at localized corroded sites (Juzeliunas et al, 2005;Juzeliunas et al, 2007;Miecinskas et al, 2007). It seems fungal influenced corrosion depends on many factors including metal types, fungal species and exposure time (Juzeliunas et al, 2005;Araya et al, 2007;Juzeliunas et al, 2007;Miecinskas et al, 2007;Belov et al, 2008;Rosales and Iannuzzi, 2008;Smirnov et al, 2008;Qu et al, 2015). Also, few studies have generated enough quantitative information on pitting morphology to permit detailed investigation on the corrosion mechanism of aluminum or its alloys by fungi.…”
Corrosion of aluminum alloy 2024 (AA 2024-T3) exposed to fungus Aspergillus niger cultured on glucose containing potato dextrose agar was studied in a high humidity and sterile atmospheric environment. The biofilm evaluation, weight loss measurement, quantitative pit analysis and corrosion product characterization were carried out. Results showed that, under this condition, the presence of A. niger accelerated corrosion process. The corrosion rate of AA 2024-T3 by A. niger was more than 4 times of that exposed to NaCl. Also, severe pitting corrosion, comparable to AA 2024-T3 exposed to NaCl, and aluminum depletion accompanied with copper enrichment were observed. Furthermore, the corrosion morphology was found to be related to the biofilm thickness. The dominant metabolite of A. niger under our experimental condition was identified to be oxalic acid, an aggressive corrodent that causes similar corrosion rate and corroded pit morphology as those observed in in this study. Therefore, oxalic acid produced by A. niger under our specific experimental condition is believe to be the main cause for the corrosion of AA 2024-T3.
“…Aspergillus is a major group of fungi found on the ISS and contributes to some microbe-induced corrosion on Earth. A. niger has been widely reported to corrode iron, aluminum, and magnesium alloys (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). However, the role that it plays in the corrosion occurring on the ISS remains unclear (5).…”
Contamination by fungi may pose a threat to the long-term operation of the International Space Station because fungi produce organic acids that corrode equipment and mycotoxins that harm human health. Microgravity is an unavoidable and special condition in the space station. However, the influence of microgravity on fungal metabolism has not been well studied. Clinostat rotation is widely used to simulate the microgravity condition in studies carried out on Earth. Here, we used metabolomics differential analysis to study the influence of clinostat rotation on the accumulation of organic acids and related biosynthetic pathways in ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing Aspergillus carbonarius. As a result, clinostat rotation did not affect fungal cell growth or colony appearance but significantly increased the accumulation of organic acids, particularly isocitric acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid, and OTA both inside cells and in the medium, as well as resulted in a much higher level of accumulation of some products inside than outside cells, indicating that the transport of these metabolites from the cell to the medium was inhibited. This finding corresponded to the change in the fatty acid composition of cell membranes and the reduced thickness of the cell walls and cell membranes. Amino acid and energy metabolic pathways, particularly the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were influenced the most during clinostat rotation compared to the effects of normal gravity on these pathways.
IMPORTANCE Fungi are ubiquitous in nature and have the ability to corrode various materials by producing metabolites. Research on how the space station environment, especially microgravity, affects fungal metabolism is helpful to understand the role of fungi in the space station. This work provides insights into the mechanisms involved in the metabolism of the corrosive fungus Aspergillus carbonarius under simulated microgravity conditions. Our findings have significance not only for preventing material corrosion but also for ensuring food safety, especially in the space environment.
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