Effect of the form of dietary fat and the concentration of dietary neutral detergent fiber on ileal and total tract endogenous losses and apparent and true digestibility of fat by growing pigs1

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the form of dietary fat (extracted or intact fat) and of dietary NDF on ileal and total tract endogenous losses of fat (ELF), on apparent ileal (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of fat, and on true ileal (TID) and true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of fat in growing pigs. A cornstarch-based basal diet that contained 1.27% fat was prepared and 3 diets were formulated by adding 2.0, 4.0, or 6.0% extracted fat (corn oil) to the basal diet at the expense of cornstarch. Three additional diets were formulated by adding 3.1, 6.2, or 9.3% Solka-Floc (International Fiber Corp., North Tonawanda, NY) to the diet containing 4.0% corn oil at the expense of cornstarch. The remaining 4 diets were prepared by adding whole corn germ meal to the diet at the expense of defatted corn germ meal to contain 3.0, 6.0, or 9.0% intact fat. Solka-Floc was also included in this diet at the expense of cornstarch in an attempt to keep NDF constant. Eleven barrows (initial average BW of 38.1 +/- 1.3 kg) were fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum, allotted to the 11 diets in an 11 x 11 Latin square design, and fed the diets at 3 times the energy requirement for maintenance. Increasing dietary extracted fat increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.001) the AID and ATTD of fat. Increasing dietary intact fat also increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) the AID and ATTD of fat. The average apparent digestibility of extracted fat (81.9%) was greater (P < 0.001) than that of intact fat (63.2%). Estimates of ELF were smaller (P < 0.05) for extracted fat than for intact fat at the end of the ileum and over the entire intestinal tract, but the TID (93.8%) and TTTD (94.2%) of extracted fat were greater (P < 0.05) than the TID (78.6%) and TTTD (84.1%) of intact fat. Increasing dietary extracted fat had no effects on the TID and TTTD of fat, but increasing dietary intact fat resulted in a quadratic reduction (P < 0.05) in the TTTD of fat. Increasing dietary NDF had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the ATTD of fat but did not influence the AID, TID, and TTTD of fat. In conclusion, extracted fat induces a smaller amount of ELF and has a greater apparent and true digestibility than intact fat at the end of the ileum and over the entire intestinal tract. Purified NDF has little influence on apparent and true digestibility of fat.

Effects of intact and extracted lipid in diets fed to growing pigs on the digestible energy content and the digestibility of various chemical constituents

“…This response agrees with previous data obtained in pigs (Jørgensen & Fern andez 2000;Kil et al 2010;Leek et al 2004) and poultry (San Juan & Villamide 2000). Greater apparent digestibility of extracted lipid than of intact lipid has also been reported for soybean oil (Agunbiade et al 1992), palm kernel oil (Agunbiade et al 1999) and sunflower oil (San Juan & Villamide 2000).…”

“…The improvement in ATTD as dietary lipid concentration increased reflects the fact that the endogenous loss of lipid contributes more to the total output of lipid, and therefore has a greater effect on the apparent digestibility of lipid at lower concentrations of dietary lipid than at higher concentrations (Jørgensen et al 1993;Kil et al 2010).…”

“…These grains have been incorporated into diets and posed none of the feed-handling problems frequently associated with the addition of other processed fats and oils to diets (Pettigrew 1981). Lipids in swine diets may originate from either intact feed ingredients or supplemented extracted oil, and the digestibility of different forms of lipids have been reported (Adams & Jensen 1984;Kil et al 2010). However, reports on the effect of the form of the lipid feed on its energy value are limited.…”

Effect of dietary fiber type on intestinal nutrient digestibility and hindgut fermentation of diets fed to finishing pigs

“…The AID of EE tended to increase by inclusion of 5% INU or CMC in the diet compared to the control diet, which agree with the observation that increasing dietary fat content increased the AID of fat (Kil et al, 2010). This was probably caused by relatively high proportion of unsaturated fatty acid, which can be absorbed with high efficiency in the small intestine (Dégen et al, 2009).…”

Nutritional value of Brazilian distillers dried grains with solubles for pigs as determined by different methods

“…This observation agrees with Agyekum et al (2016), who did not find differences in EE digestibility between control diet and a diet containing 300 g kg -1 DDGS. In general, the digestibility of ether extract increases as the oil content in DDGS (Graham et al, 2014b) and the dietary oil content (Kil et al, 2010) increase. Graham et al (2014 a,b) suggested an increase in the EE digestibility of DDGS in relation to corn due to a higher dietary EE content, which did not occur in the present study.…”