Effect of the fish oil, oxidation status and of heat treatment temperature on the volatile compounds of the produced fish feeds

The effect of partially replacing fishmeal in aquafeed with feathermeal (FTH) at three levels (0%: FTH0, 8%: FTH8, 24%: FTH24) and two extrusion temperatures (100 and 130 °C) was evaluated in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with respect to growth performance, metabolism response, and oxidative status of the feed proteins. Multivariate data analyses revealed that FTH24 correlated positively with high levels of oxidation products, amino acids (AA) racemization, glucogenic AAs level in liver, feed intake (FI), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR); and low AAs digestibility. Both FI and SGR were significantly increased when 8 and 24% feathermeal was included in the feed extruded at 100 °C, while there was a negative effect on FCR in fish fed FTH24. In conclusion, higher oxidation levels in FTH24 may give rise to metabolic alterations while lower levels of FTH may be considered as fishmeal substitute in aquafeed for rainbow trout.

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“…Hence, reduced fish growth [28][29][30] and altered immune response 31 have been reported when oxidized feeds have been used in aquaculture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Approach to Assess Feathermeal as an Alternative Protein Source in Aquafeed

Jasour

Wagner

Sundekilde

et al. 2017

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Fish oil, as the primary fatty source playing an extremely important role in aquatic nutrition, has rich polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially eicosapentenoic acid (C20:5n‐3, EPA) and docosahexenoic acid (C22:6n‐3, DHA) (Chen et al, ; Lee, Lee, & Kim, ; Tocher, ; Wijekoon, Parrish, & Mansour, ). Nevertheless, EPA and DHA are very easy to be oxidized, and then produce various of harmful substances such as hydroperoxide, aldehydes, ketones, multimers during feed storage and processing (Gokoglu, Yerlikaya, Topuz, & Buyukbenli, ; Grigorakis, Giogios, Vasilaki, & Nengas, ; Simeonidou, Govaris, & Vareltzis, ; Walker, Decker, & Mcclements, ; Wang et al, ). Oxidized oil in diet can lead animal onto poor growth performance (Baker & Davies, ), lipid peroxidation (Tocher et al, ) and skeletal deformity (Lewis‐mccrea & Lall, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fish oil with difference oxidation degree on growth performance and expression abundance of antioxidant and fat metabolism genes in orange spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides

et al. 2018

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The present study was designed to assess the effects of fish oil with different oxidation degree on growth performance, serum biochemistry parameters and expressive abundance of oxidative stress and fat metabolism genes of orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. The oxidized fish oil was conducted as follows: storage temperature: 4°C, ambient temperature (AT, [31.5 ± 3.5]°C); storage time: 45, 90, 135 days; antioxidant contents: 30 mg/kg (ethoxyquin [EQ]), 300 mg/kg Higher EQ (HEQ). According to the different treated conditions, 14 kinds of fish oil with different oxidation degree were obtained: T F+EQ [positive control (fresh oil + EQ)],T AT+135d+EQ , T AT+135d+HEQ . Groupers were fed isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing 14 kinds of fish oil for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that survival, weight gain rate and thermal growth coefficient decreased as oxidation degree of dietary fish oil increased (p < 0.05). Higher serum total protein, triglyceride and glucose were observed with ascending oxidation degree of fish oil (p < 0.05). The genes expression levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were up-regulated with dietary oxidized level increasing (p < 0.05). In addition, the similar status also appeared in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) genes. In conclusion, the fish oil would show negative influence on the fish health until peroxide value and p-anisidine value in oil exceed 12.96 meq/kg and 20.89. The best storage condition for fish oil is 4°C, 45 days and 30 mg/kg EQ which could keep fish oil available property to grouper. K E Y W O R D Santioxidant, fat metabolism, grouper, growth, oxidized fish oil

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“…Undesirable influences of consuming oxidized dietary oil on fish metabolism have been observed in a number of studies [ 6 , 8 – 14 ]. Interest in the dietary oxidized lipid associated with oxidative stress has grown in recent years, and researchers have become increasingly focused on the oxidative stress in cultured fish species [ 15 – 17 ]. At present, most of the researches about oxidized lipid in fish are focused on their growth or histological structures, while few on their molecular or genome profiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatic transcriptome analysis and identification of differentially expressed genes response to dietary oxidized fish oil in loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

Zhang

Liang

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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RNA sequencing and short-read assembly were utilized to produce a transcriptome of livers from loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) fed with three different diets respectively containing fresh fish oil (FO group), medium oxidized fish oil (MO group) and high oxidized fish oil (HO group). A total of 60,663 unigenes were obtained in this study, with mean length 848.74 bp. 50,814, 49,584 and 49,814 unigenes were respectively obtained from FO, MO and HO groups. There were 2,343 differentially expressed genes between FO and MO, with 855 down- and 1,488 up-regulated genes in the MO group. 2,813 genes were differentially expressed between FO and HO, including 1,256 down- and 1,552 up-regulated genes in the HO group. 2,075 differentially expressed genes were found in the comparison of MO and HO, including 1,074 up- and 1,001 down-regulated genes in the MO group. Some differentially expressed genes, such as fatty acid transport protein (fatp), fatty acid binding protein (fabp), apolipoprotein (apo), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (ppar-γ), acetyl-CoA synthetase (acs) and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (alox5), were involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting these genes in the loach were responsive to dietary oxidized fish oil. Results of transcriptome profilings here were validated using quantitative real time PCR in fourteen randomly selected unigenes. The present study provides insights into hepatic transcriptome profile of the loach, which is a valuable resource for studies of loach genomics. More importantly, this study identifies some important genes responsible for dietary oxidized fish oil, which will benefit researches of lipid metabolism in fish.

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Effect of the fish oil, oxidation status and of heat treatment temperature on the volatile compounds of the produced fish feeds

Cited by 19 publications

References 46 publications

A Comprehensive Approach to Assess Feathermeal as an Alternative Protein Source in Aquafeed

A Comprehensive Approach to Assess Feathermeal as an Alternative Protein Source in Aquafeed

Effects of fish oil with difference oxidation degree on growth performance and expression abundance of antioxidant and fat metabolism genes in orange spotted grouper,Epinephelus coioides

Hepatic transcriptome analysis and identification of differentially expressed genes response to dietary oxidized fish oil in loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

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