Effect of the Energy to Protein Ratio on Serum and Carcass Cholesterol Levels in Chicks

Abstract

Soft" fats were found to depress significantly serum cholesterol levels in diets of high energy to protein (E/P) ratio but not in diets of low energy to protein ratios. A low (E/P) ratio depressed serum cholesterol values, regardless of the type of fat in the diet. The E/P ratio may represent the unknown factor in the equations of workers who have tried to relate the effect of dietary fats to serum cholesterol levels.T HE effect of the energy to protein (E/P) ratio on the serum and carcass cholesterol level lias not been investigated to date. A protein deficient in methionine 1 or carbohydrate 2 and fat 8 "* 1 variations can also affect serum cholesterol levels, but whether the energy value of a diet as calculated from the total caloric intake of carbohydrate, fat and protein may have a relationship to cholesterol levels has not been shown. In the present study the effect of the total metabolizable energy to protein ratio has been correlated with changes in total carcass fat and with changes in carcass and serum cholesterol levels. The E / P ratio of a food item or diet can be calculated by dividing the total available calories in 100 Gm. of the food item or diet by its protein content. For example, a white bread which contains 275 calories in 100 Gm. and 8.5 per cent protein has an E / P ratio of 32. METHODSTwenty-four groups of chicks (New Hampshire, Columbian Cross) were kept in 3 replicates of 10 birds each on 2 nutritionally complete basal From the

Effect of Dietary Protein and Fat on the Plasma Cholesterol and Packed Cell Volume of Chickens Exposed to Different Environmental Temperatures

“…In agreement with Kokatnur et al (1958), the present study found that increasing the dietary protein was more effective in reducing serum cholesterol of male chickens than decreasing the dietary fat. In agreement with Kokatnur et al (1958), the present study found that increasing the dietary protein was more effective in reducing serum cholesterol of male chickens than decreasing the dietary fat.…”

Effect of a Relatively High‐protein Low‐refined‐carbohydrate Diet Upon Serum Cholesterol Concentration

“…Studies with adequately nourished chickens (Grant and Fahrenbach, 1957, 1959; Kritchevsky et al, 1958; Kokatnur et al, 1958b), rabbits (Wells, 1957; Grant and Fahrenbach, 1959; Wells and Anderson, 1959; Pollak, 1961) and rats (Portman et al, 1956; Wells, 1957; Wells and Cooper, 1958; Adams et al, 1959; Marshall et al, 1959; Nath et al, 1959; Wells et al, 1960; Guggenheim et al, 1960) demonstrate that a positive correlation exists between dietary carbohydrate and the serum cholesterol level. However, this relationship does not prevail in animals fed a cholesterol‐free diet (Grant and Fahrenbach, 1957, 1959; Guggenheim et al, 1960; Pollak, 1961).…”

“…Rats given 40 per cent sucrose diets absorbed 40.4 per cent of the dietary cholesterol and 7.5 per cent of the isotope (Wells and Cooper, 1958; Wells et al, 1960). With regard to the relationship between the quantities of carbohydrate and protein in the diet, a high energy‐protein ratio has been demonstrated to produce hypercholesterolemia in chicks (Kokatnur et al, 1958b).…”