“…Particularly, low LC% of DE-NPs, less than 5%, is one typical challenge in NP formulation using emulsification methods. 58–60 Figure 5 EE%, LC% and TLC% of f-OVA loaded DE-NPs with various amounts of PLGA (R-biodynamer: f-OVA: PLGA, 10: 1: x, w/w/w) ( A ). Stability of f-OVA-DE-NPs-0% PLGA ( B ) and f-OVA-DE-NPs-10% PLGA ( C ) in DI water for 48 h. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Particularly, low LC% of DE-NPs, less than 5%, is one typical challenge in NP formulation using emulsification methods. [58][59][60] The size distribution of the f-OVA-DE-NPs-R (10:1, w/w) were monitored for 48 h. Figure 5B and 5C depict the stable maintenance of the D H of DE-NPs in DI water during this timeframe. The stability of the DE-NPs was also evaluated in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), a saline solution commonly employed for maintaining optimal osmotic pressure and physiological pH in the cell culture.…”
Section: Drug Loading Ability and Stability Of F-ova-de-nps-rmentioning
Background
Therapeutic proteins and peptides offer great advantages compared to traditional synthetic molecular drugs. However, stable protein loading and precise control of protein release pose significant challenges due to the extensive range of physicochemical properties inherent to proteins. The development of a comprehensive protein delivery strategy becomes imperative accounting for the diverse nature of therapeutic proteins.
Methods
Biodynamers are amphiphilic proteoid dynamic polymers consisting of amino acid derivatives connected through pH-responsive dynamic covalent chemistry. Taking advantage of the amphiphilic nature of the biodynamers, PNCs and DEs were possible to be prepared and investigated to compare the delivery efficiency in drug loading, stability, and cell uptake.
Results
As a result, the optimized PNCs showed 3-fold encapsulation (<90%) and 5-fold loading capacity (30%) compared to DE-NPs. PNCs enhanced the delivery efficiency into the cells but aggregated easily on the cell membrane due to the limited stability. Although DE-NPs were limited in loading capacity compared to PNCs, they exhibit superior adaptability in stability and capacity for delivering a wider range of proteins compared to PNCs.
Conclusion
Our study highlights the potential of formulating both PNCs and DE-NPs using the same biodynamers, providing a comparative view on protein delivery efficacy using formulation methods.
“…Particularly, low LC% of DE-NPs, less than 5%, is one typical challenge in NP formulation using emulsification methods. 58–60 Figure 5 EE%, LC% and TLC% of f-OVA loaded DE-NPs with various amounts of PLGA (R-biodynamer: f-OVA: PLGA, 10: 1: x, w/w/w) ( A ). Stability of f-OVA-DE-NPs-0% PLGA ( B ) and f-OVA-DE-NPs-10% PLGA ( C ) in DI water for 48 h. …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Particularly, low LC% of DE-NPs, less than 5%, is one typical challenge in NP formulation using emulsification methods. [58][59][60] The size distribution of the f-OVA-DE-NPs-R (10:1, w/w) were monitored for 48 h. Figure 5B and 5C depict the stable maintenance of the D H of DE-NPs in DI water during this timeframe. The stability of the DE-NPs was also evaluated in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), a saline solution commonly employed for maintaining optimal osmotic pressure and physiological pH in the cell culture.…”
Section: Drug Loading Ability and Stability Of F-ova-de-nps-rmentioning
Background
Therapeutic proteins and peptides offer great advantages compared to traditional synthetic molecular drugs. However, stable protein loading and precise control of protein release pose significant challenges due to the extensive range of physicochemical properties inherent to proteins. The development of a comprehensive protein delivery strategy becomes imperative accounting for the diverse nature of therapeutic proteins.
Methods
Biodynamers are amphiphilic proteoid dynamic polymers consisting of amino acid derivatives connected through pH-responsive dynamic covalent chemistry. Taking advantage of the amphiphilic nature of the biodynamers, PNCs and DEs were possible to be prepared and investigated to compare the delivery efficiency in drug loading, stability, and cell uptake.
Results
As a result, the optimized PNCs showed 3-fold encapsulation (<90%) and 5-fold loading capacity (30%) compared to DE-NPs. PNCs enhanced the delivery efficiency into the cells but aggregated easily on the cell membrane due to the limited stability. Although DE-NPs were limited in loading capacity compared to PNCs, they exhibit superior adaptability in stability and capacity for delivering a wider range of proteins compared to PNCs.
Conclusion
Our study highlights the potential of formulating both PNCs and DE-NPs using the same biodynamers, providing a comparative view on protein delivery efficacy using formulation methods.
“…Emulsion solvent-evaporation is a preparation method for polymer particles that does not require heating. 16,17) Ling et al developed uniform dispersed iron oxide encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs by emulsion solventevaporation and applied them to magnetic resonance imaging as well as cancer therapy. 18) However, in emulsion solventevaporation, most studied polymers are biodegradable; such as PLGA, 18) polycaprolactone, 19) and polylactic acid.…”
In clinical diagnosis, magnetic polystyrene nanoparticles (MPS NPs) are commonly applied to, e.g., the chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLEIA). However, the conventional preparation method of MPS NPs requires a long duration of heating to form polymer particles, which is inefficient. In this study, we prepared MPS NPs by emulsion solvent-evaporation without heating. We evaluated the effect of the solvent in the water and organic phases on the magnetic particle content. MPS NPs prepared by 4% (v/v) MeOH aqueous solution and adding stearic acid (SA) (4MeSA-MPS NPs) exhibited the highest magnetic particle content. Furthermore, CLEIA analysis indicates that the C-reactive protein detection limit is 80 pg/mL. Thus, 4MeSA-MPS NPs are promising for clinical diagnoses.
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