Effect of the Electron Transport Layer on the Photovoltaic Properties of Hybrid Organic Inorganic Perovskites Solar Cells: Cross-Section of Optics, Morphology, Composition and Quality

Abstract

Ever since their dawn in 2009 1, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite materials have been experiencing an ever increase in research investment to finally emerge as a strong alternative for high power conversion efficiency (PCE) photovoltaic devices at low costs. One of the main challenges that is currently impeding the upscaling of these solar cells is the phenomenon of hysteresis on their j–V response that has been correlated with slow ion migration which, in turn, affects their photovoltaic properties. Although hysteresis has been described to some extent of detail, the precise role of the external contacts remains under debate. Furthermore, there has been a great deal of focus on materials and interface design while less attention has been given to optical aspects of these cells. Our work highlights the role of electron transport layer (ETL) of different compositions and synthesized through various routes on the hysteresis response of these systems. We show that there’s a clear correlation between thickness, morphology and composition of the ETL on the photovoltaic response these systems. To better elucidate such a response, we have utilized photoluminescence, electroluminescence, absorption and kelvin probe force microscopy to get a substantial grasp of the optoelectronic phenomena occurring at the interfaces in perovskite solar cells. Acknowledgments: This research was supported by a Hydro-Quebec/NSERC CRD grant and the McGill Sustainability Systems Initiative (MSSI). 1- Kojima, A., Teshima, K., Shirai, Y. and Miyasaka, T., 2009. Organometal halide perovskites as visible-light sensitizers for photovoltaic cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(17), pp.6050-6051.