Effect of the doses and nature of vegetable oil on carbon black/rubber interactions: Studies on castor oil and other vegetable oils

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The effects of additives in various vegetable oils on the physical, mechanical, and adhesion properties of carbon black/rubber compounds were studied. Various doses of castor oil and some other oils such as paraffin oil, vegetable oil 1, and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) at a fixed dose (1 phr) were used. With an increase in the castor oil content, the modulus, tear strength, and tensile strength increased, whereas the hardness and adhesive strength exhibited little variation up to 1 phr. Beyond 1 phr castor oil, the modulus, tear strength, and hardness decreased, whereas the adhesive and tensile strengths increased up to 2.5-3 phr and then decreased. Therefore, castor oil seemed to behave as a coupling agent up to 1 phr and as a coupling agent and a plasticizer in the range of 1-3 phr; beyond that, the main role of castor oil was plasticization. When various oils at a fixed dose (1 phr) were compared, it was found that the vegetable oils exhibited enhanced properties in comparison with those of paraffin oil. In addition, both of the unsaturated oils (castor oil and vegetable oil 1) enhanced physical and mechanical properties in comparison with saturated paraffin oil. CNSL exhibited the best adhesion properties against mild steel and galvanized iron substrates.

Effect of Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in SBR Compounds

“…Previous work reported an improvement in physical and mechanical properties of carbon black filled NR by castor oil. [11] However, there are a few reports on rubber compounds containing jatropha oil. The objective of the present work was to study the effect of total replacement of aromatic oil by vegetable oil for SBR compounding by focusing on the non-edible vegetable oils i.e.…”

Benzyl Esters of Vegetable Oils as Processing Oil in Carbon Black–Filled SBR Compounding: Chemical Modification, Characterization, and Performance

“…The main reason is the palm benzyl ester behaves as a cure activator. 22 The soybean and coconut benzyl esters also had shorter scorch and cure times than the aromatic oil, suggesting they are cure activators. It is noted that the activators used in the rubber formulations are generally high molecular weight monobasic acids, or mixtures of stearic, oleic, lauric, palmitic, and myristic acids.…”

“…Both castor and vegetable oil enhanced the physical and the mechanical properties relative to saturated paraffin oil. 4 The chemical and physical properties of 10 naturally occurring oils (i.e., rubber seed, neem, dolma, soybean, alsi, kurunj, sesamum, mustard, ground nut, and castor oils), and six petroleum-based oils (i.e., aromatic oil, paraffinic oil, naphthenic oil, low polycyclic aromatics (PCA) oil, power oil TDAE-A, and power oil TDAE-B) were investigated in prior work. [8][9][10] It was found that the naturally occurring oils were suitable in rubber compounding with even lower PCA contents than the low PCA oils MES and TDAE.…”

Effect of Phenol-CNSL Formaldehyde Copolymer on Thermal Ageing of Elastomers

“…The vulcanizates containing PCNSL showed good retention of tensile properties after ageing due to the post-curing reactions during the ageing period [23]. The effect of addition of paraffin oil, vegetable oil, castor oil, and CNSL to natural rubber compounds have been compared in terms of the mechanical properties and reported [24]. Polymerized CNSL has been recommended as a substitute for DOP, DBP for nitrile rubber and neoprene rubbers [25].…”