Effect of the Dietary Supplementation of Corn Hemicellulose on Fecal Flora and Bacterial Enzyme Activities in Human Adults

Sugawara, Masayoshi; Suzuki, Kunio; Endo, Kimiko; Kumemura, Megumi; Takeuchi, Masayasu; Mitsuoka, Tomotari

doi:10.1080/00021369.1990.10870211

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Despite the negative effect of S‐AX on body weight gain of chickens, their supplementation still caused a significant stimulation of bifidobacteria in the caeca of the animals. This is somewhat surprising, since Sugawara et al 26 did not observe an increase in faecal content of bifidobacteria upon administration of an S‐AX preparation with a peak MM of 10 5 Da from corn husks at 10 g day −1 to human volunteers, suggesting that high‐MM AX have poor bifidogenic properties. It should be noted, however, that the chicken feeds used in the present study contained an added fungal endoxylanase preparation, which partially degrades AX in the small intestine 27.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Organic Chlorine as a Hydrogen‐Bridge Acceptor: Evidence for the Existence of Intramolecular OH⋅⋅⋅ClC Interactions in Somegem‐Alkynols

Banerjee

Desiraju

Mondal

et al. 2004

Chemistry A European J

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The acceptor capabilities of "organic" halogen, CX (X=F, Cl, Br, I), with respect to hydrogen bonding are controversial, and unactivated organic chlorine is generally deemed to be a poor acceptor. Hydrogen bridges of the type O--H...Cl--C are uncommon and occur mainly in an intramolecular situation when the donor group is sterically hindered, so that the formation of intermolecular interactions is difficult. In this paper, intramolecular O--H...Cl--C interactions in a series of chloro-substituted gem-alkynols are studied. We describe various features of this interaction using crystallographic, spectroscopic and computational methods. The O--H...Cl--C interaction occurs in five of the six compounds under consideration here (CDDA, 14DDDA, 15DDDA, 18DDDA, 15MKA). Solution (1)H NMR spectroscopy shows that the interaction is intramolecular and that it is a true hydrogen bond. DFT calculations give a stabilisation energy around 4.0 kcal mol(-1). In the crystal structures of the compounds studied, the intramolecular O--H...Cl--C interactions fit into the overall scheme of cooperative interactions. These structures may be derived from that of the unsubstituted compound DDA by means of synthon exchange and the O--H...Cl--C interaction fares surprisingly well in the presence of competing stronger acceptors. The crystal structures show an unusual degree of modularity for compounds that generally form interactions that are weak and variable. It is noteworthy that the so-called "weak" acceptor, organic chlorine, is able to sustain a good intramolecular hydrogen bridge that is of an attractive and stabilizing nature and which is of potential importance in crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Organic Chlorine as a Hydrogen‐Bridge Acceptor: Evidence for the Existence of Intramolecular OH⋅⋅⋅ClC Interactions in Somegem‐Alkynols

Banerjee

Desiraju

Mondal

et al. 2004

Chemistry A European J

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“…In addition, the inclusion of hemicellulose enhanced the absorption of Ca and Mg but reduced cholesterol absorption, plasma cholesterol level, and liver cholesterol accumulation in the rats. A human‐feeding study using water‐soluble hemicellulose extracted from the seed coat at 10 g/d for 10 d demonstrated that the seed‐coat hemicellulose was partially fermented by gut microflora, slightly reducing the fecal pH from 6.3 to 6.0 (Sugawara and others ). The intake of the seed‐coat hemicellulose also decreased the concentration and total output of ammonia and nitroreductase in the feces, which are bacterial metabolites harmful to colon health.…”

Section: Physiological Effects Of Corn Bran and Corn Soluble Dietary mentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrients in Corn and Human Nutrition

Jane

2016

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

128

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As the leading cereal crop in the world, corn (Zea mays L.) plays a significant role in human foods. The focus of this review is on the structures, properties, bioavailability, and health benefits of macronutrients in corn, including its starch, nonstarch polysaccharides, protein, and lipids. With a large number of naturally existent mutants, corn and corn-based food ingredients with varying macronutrient compositions and different chemical structures and physical properties are commercially available. The corn varieties that have attracted the most interest in human nutrition include high-amylose, high-protein, and high-oil corn. Chemical compositions and molecular structures of starch, nonstarch polysaccharides, protein, and lipids from different corn varieties are comprehensively reviewed here and related to their physical properties, bioavailability, and physiological effects on human health. Particular emphasis is placed upon the impacts of high-amylose corn flour/starch on postprandial glycemic/insulinemic responses, insulin sensitivity, satiety/appetite, lipid metabolism/obesity, colon health, and mineral absorption. The information presented in this article will be useful for the utilization of corn and the development of corn-based food ingredients to prepare nutritious food products to improve human health.

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“…In the Sinnongbonchogyung text, silkworm droppings were used to cure hangovers, were thought to have antiaging effects, and were used to treat hemiplegia and urticaria (Lee, 1994). In addition to these characteristics, silkworm droppings have also been shown to lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and to have anticancer and antidiabetes characteristics (Sugawara et al, 1990;Lee et al, 1999). Chemical constituents isolated from silkworm droppings included β-carotene (Tong and Xu, 2005), 1-deoxynojirimycin, fagomine, 3-epifagomine and a norsesquiterpene such as a grasshopper ketone (Cui et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Isolation of megastigmane sesquiterpenes from the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) droppings and their promotion activity on HO-1 and SIRT1

et al. 2011

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The silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) droppings were extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH, and the concentrated extract was partitioned in succession with EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H(2)O. From the EtOAc fraction, five megastigmane sesquiterpenes were isolated through repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatography. According to the results of spectroscopic data, such as NMR, MS, and IR, the chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined as (3S,5R,8R)-3,5-dihydroxymegastigma-6,7-dien-9-one (1), (S)-dehydrovomifoliol (2), (6R,7E,9R) -9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one (3), (3S,5R,6S,7E)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (4), (6R,9R)-9-hydroxy-4-megastigmen-3-one (5). Compounds 2 through 5 were isolated for the first time from silkworm droppings. GC/MS analysis indicated silkworm powder contained compound 3, and mulberry leaves contained compound 4. Compounds 1 and 5 increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and SIRT1 in HepG2 and HEK239 cells, respectively. Heme oxygenase-1 is considered to be an antioxidant enzyme that catabolizes heme to carbon monoxide, free iron and biliverdin, while SIRT1 is the mammalian homologue of the yeast silent information regulator (Sir)-2, which are involved in the suppression of inflammatory mediators or factors that may be used to improve atopy-related symptoms.

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Effect of the Dietary Supplementation of Corn Hemicellulose on Fecal Flora and Bacterial Enzyme Activities in Human Adults

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Organic Chlorine as a Hydrogen‐Bridge Acceptor: Evidence for the Existence of Intramolecular OH⋅⋅⋅ClC Interactions in Somegem‐Alkynols

Organic Chlorine as a Hydrogen‐Bridge Acceptor: Evidence for the Existence of Intramolecular OH⋅⋅⋅ClC Interactions in Somegem‐Alkynols

Macronutrients in Corn and Human Nutrition

Isolation of megastigmane sesquiterpenes from the silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) droppings and their promotion activity on HO-1 and SIRT1

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