Effect of the Diesel Properties on the Emissions of Particulate Matter

Bello, Arcesio; Torres, Jaime; Herrera, Jorge; Sarmiento, José A.

doi:10.4271/2000-01-2888

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…• Comparing these results with the ones obtained in 1999 by Bello, Torres, Herrera, Sarmiento (Bello et al, 2000), it can be conclude that for vehicles with engine technologies similar or superior to EURO II (that demanded for transmilenio in Bogotá), an actual reduction of TPM is obtained, while for vehicles with older technologies, although there is strong trends in reductions of CO, THC and TPM, these are not statistically confidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The objectives of changing the specifications and formulation of diesel fuel distributed in Bogotá, were to reduce the particulate matter and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions, in order to improve Bogota´s air quality, and to supply a fuel with enough quality to satisfy the requirements for the new mass transportation media (transmilenio) (Bello et al, 2000). To evaluate the real environmental impact that Bogotá´s diesel reformulation had on diesel emissions, Ecopetrol-Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP) and Emissions Research and Measurement Division (ERMD) Environment Canada designed a project that included tests with a fleet of 15 diesel vehicles, which were operating in the older public transportation system in Bogotá´s area and after that, and using the same samples of fuels used during the fleet test, ERMD developed an exhaust emissions evaluation program in its Heavy-Duty Engine Emissions Laboratory in Ottawa running a 1995 caterpillar 3406E 324,5 kW (435 HP) diesel truck engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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06/02431 Exhaust emissions evaluation of Colombian commercial diesel fuels

Torres

Bello

Sarmiento

et al. 2006

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

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E copetrol, based on the results obtained in the study "The Effect of Diesel Properties on the Emissions of Particulate Matter" (Bello et al., 2000), reformulated the diesel fuel distributed in Bogotá, becoming it lighter and with a lower sulfur content. In order to evaluate the environmental benefits that the reformulation of diesel fuel generate in Bogotá, Instituto Colombiano del Petróledo (ICP), with the assistance of Emissions Research and Measurement Division (ERMD) from Environment Canada, arranged a research project to determine the changes in CO, THC, NO x , CO 2 and Particulate Matter emissions. The research program was developed in two steps. First one, developed in Bogotá, involved a fleet test with 15 public service buses that normally operate in Bogota's Savannah, using a portable emissions sampling technology developed for ERMD (DOES2) and following a representative transient driving cycle. Second step, carried out in ERMD´s Heavy-Duty Engine Emissions Laboratory in Ottawa, tested a 1995 caterpillar 3406E 324,5 kW (435 HP) diesel truck engine on the same samples of Colombian diesel fuels used in the fleet tests performed in Bogotá, baselining the tests with a Canadian Commercial Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel. The two commercial Colombian diesel fuels used had the following properties: High Sulfur Diesel (HSD), with 3000 ppm (0,3 wt%) of sulfur and a Final Boiling Point (FBP) of 633 K and the new reformulated diesel fuel, with 1000 ppm (0,1 wt%) of sulfur and FBP of 613 K, which is currently been distributed in Bogotá. Fleet test show small reduction on CO, THC and TPM, and small increments on CO 2 and NO x , but with not statistically significant results, while engine testing shows an strong reduction of 40,8% in TPM when you use the new reformulated diesel fuel (0,1wt% of sulfur) instead of high sulfur diesel.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

06/02431 Exhaust emissions evaluation of Colombian commercial diesel fuels

Torres

Bello

Sarmiento

et al. 2006

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

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“…Some studies have shown an increase in PM emissions with increasing T90 or Final Boil Point (FBP) [23,24], while other studies have shown the distillation has no influence on PM emissions [20,25] and the influence should be attributed to the density. Some studies show an influence of the fuel volatility for other emissions such as NOx [21,25,26] and HC [21,25].…”

Section: Volatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Fuel Additives on Diesel Engine Emissions during Steady State and Transient Operation

Nuszkowski¹

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Internal combustion engines have propelled society's transportation and power needs for the last century. However, with the regulatory demand to reduce air pollution, internal combustion engines are a major focus to reduce the emissions from these engines. Compression ignition or diesel engines are a major contributor to NOx and PM pollution. However, the life of these engines is much longer than that of their spark-ignited counterparts, causing the fleet of diesel engines to consist of a significant number of old, higher polluting engines. Fuel additives are one method of reducing emissions and/or enhancing performance in these older diesel engines without the need for technology upgrades (new engines/aftertreatment). Although diesel fuel additives' ability to reduce harmful emissions is well known in the literature, the mechanism as to how these additives work is not well understood. To explore the mechanism, three cetane improvers (2-EHN, DTBP, and ODA) were investigated on a 1992 DDC Series 60 engine and 2004 EGR-equipped Cummins ISM370 engine incorporating sensors for in-cylinder pressure measurement and analysis. The engines were tested on the heavy-duty FTP cycle and the steady state SET test. The cetane improvers, depending on the additive, treat rate, and base fuel (excluding the biodiesel blends), showed significant reduction in NOx (2.2-4.9%) on the 1992 DDC engine and no change or significant increase (1.3-1.4%) on the 2004 Cummins engine when exercised over the transient FTP cycle. In the SET tests, low loads produced a NOx decrease (up to 8%) and high loads a NOx increase (up to 1.8%) with cetane improvers on the 1992 DDC engine. The 2004 Cummins engine showed little NOx decrease (up to 1%) or a NOx increase (up to 6.1%) with cetane improvers compared to the base fuel on the SET test. The biodiesel blends showed a similar trend with the additized neat fuel with decreased NOx at low load and increased NOx at high load on the 1992 DDC engine, suggesting a cetane effect due to the high cetane number of biodiesel. The heat release parameters showed that the change in NOx was due to the change in maximum cylinder pressure, maximum cylinder gas temperature, premix fraction, and pressure at the start of combustion on the 1992 DDC engine. Overall, the fuel additives reduced the premix fraction of the heat release on the 1992 DDC engine at all loads and reduced the premix fraction at low

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“…During the experiment, the backpressure in the DPF reached the manufacturer's specified limit in one and a half two shifts, which dictated the replacement of the filter after each shift and the use of the regeneration method outside the bus. In older conventional diesel engines, high emission levels and no change in emission levels are maintained when using fuels with different sulfur contents [12]. Therefore, even if the sulfur level in the fuel can be reduced, the operation of buses with conventional diesel engines and not meeting the Euro I emission thresholds will continue to make a significant contribution to the pollution of the Ulaanbaatar air basin.…”

Section: Fig 5 Suburban Route Used For Road Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Diesel Bus Emissions on Air Pollution in Ulaanbaatar and Attempt to Reduce It

Agvaantseren

Badarch

Tseveg

2022

RS Global - World Science

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The advantages of diesel engines have led it to become the only solution for heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), including city buses. Exhaust gas from diesel engines (EG) is a common environmental pollutant and carcinogenic to human health. The paper presents the results of measuring the emissions of city buses running on high sulfur fuel with and without diesel particulate filter (DPF). The study was conducted in real traffic conditions along the regular route of the city of Ulaanbaatar. The measurements were carried out using the HORIBA PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement System) and the gravimetric method. The measured data was used to determine the actual emission levels from city buses. The actual particulate matter (PM) emissions from city buses were determined during the warm and cold seasons on a daily basis. It is found that a bus with average daily mileage of 242 km emits average of 166.155 g of PM into the atmosphere per day. This fluctuates depending on the season - 141.3 g in summer and 175.8 g in winter. The actual PM emissions of a city bus is 0.6866 g/km. The NOx concentration in the exhaust gases is 1410.94 ppm on average. As a result of 6 months of measurements, a total of 346.651 kg of soot was collected from 24 buses. Innovation: Actual on-road emissions from Ulaanbaatar buses and a cassette-type DPF system with “active” outside the bus regeneration, that can reduce conventional diesel engine PM emissions by up to 90% regardless of the sulfur content of the fuels.

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Effect of the Diesel Properties on the Emissions of Particulate Matter

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

06/02431 Exhaust emissions evaluation of Colombian commercial diesel fuels

06/02431 Exhaust emissions evaluation of Colombian commercial diesel fuels

The Effects of Fuel Additives on Diesel Engine Emissions during Steady State and Transient Operation

The Impact of Diesel Bus Emissions on Air Pollution in Ulaanbaatar and Attempt to Reduce It

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