Effect of the conversion of mangroves into shrimp farms on carbon stock in the sediment along the southern Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia

Eid, Ebrahem M.; Arshad, Muhammad; Shaltout, Kamal H.; El-Sheikh, Mohamed Abd Rouf Mousa; Alfarhan, Ahmed; Picó, Yolanda; Barceló, Damià

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108536

Cited by 46 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, carbon storage of mangrove ecosystem in Sirik region was estimated 302 (Mg ha -1 ), which is signi cant and can play an important role in reducing global climate changes by carbon capture and storage. Our results point to a consideration in agreement with Eid et al (2019), that highlighted how the capacity to stored OC in arid areas is not as low as previously presented, thus enriching present available data will be of interest to draw a more reliable picture of this peculiar ecosystem.…”

Section: Total Biomass and Soil Carbon Storagesupporting

confidence: 91%

Estimation of carbon pools in the biomass and soil of mangrove forests in Sirik Azini creek, Hormozgan province (Iran)

Askari

Homaei

Kamrani

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Despite the increasing interest on mangroves due to their recognition as one of the most carbon rich ecosystem, arid mangroves are still poorly investigated. We aimed to improve the knowledge on biomass and soil carbon sequestration for an arid mangrove forest located at the Azini creek, Sirik, Hormozgan Province (Iran). Three different regions were considered based on the composition of the principal species growing in the study area: 1) Avicennia marina, 2) mixed forest of A. marina and Rhizophora mucronata, and 3) R. mucronata. Biomass carbon storage, considering both aboveground (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB), was signi cantly different between the cover areas. Signi cantly higher values of soil organic carbon stock were found in the sites under Rhizophora spp. than in the site with pure stand of Avicennia spp. . Overall, the mean forest biomass (TFB) was 305 Mg ha -1 and the highest proportion of organic carbon (62 %) was found to be stored in the soil, while the lowest was located in the root biomass (BGB; 10%). The AGB accounted for about 28% of the C stored in the studied site, with signi cant differences between the three vegetation areas. Our results on carbon storage can be used by local policy to promote conservation actions in arid mangrove forests, which also represent an important climatic threshold of mangrove worldwide distribution.

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Section: Total Biomass and Soil Carbon Storagesupporting

confidence: 91%

Estimation of carbon pools in the biomass and soil of mangrove forests in Sirik Azini creek, Hormozgan province (Iran)

Askari

Homaei

Kamrani

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Similar to other studies [40], we found that land use change from mangrove to aquaculture use represented the decrease of more than 50% of soil carbon stocks. This confirms that anthropogenic activities contribute enormously to soil carbon losses from conversion [58]. The loss of soil C stocks occurs when mangrove trees are cut down and large quantities of soil is removed for construction of ponds.…”

Section: Soil Carbonsupporting

confidence: 54%

Impact of Shrimp Ponds on Mangrove Blue Carbon Stocks in Ecuador

Merecí-Guamán

Casanoves

Delgado-Rodríguez

et al. 2021

Forests

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Mangrove forests play an important role in mitigating climate change but are threatened by aquaculture expansion. The inclusion of mangroves in climate change mitigation strategies requires measuring of carbon stocks and the emissions caused by land use change over time. This study provides a synthesis of carbon stocks in mangrove and shrimp ponds in the Gulf of Guayaquil. In this study area, we identified 134,064 ha of mangrove forest and 153,950 ha of shrimp farms. Two mangrove strata were identified according to their height and basal area: medium-statured mangrove (lower height and basal area) and tall mangrove (greater height and basal area). These strata showed statistical differences in aboveground carbon stocks. In both strata, the most abundant mangrove species was Rhizophora mangle. For both strata, trees had a maximum height (>30 m), and their density was greater than 827 ha−1. Total ecosystem level carbon stocks (measured to 1 m soil depth) were 320.9 Mg C ha−1 in medium-statured mangroves and 419.4 Mg C ha−1 in tall mangroves. The differences are attributable to higher basal area, soil organic carbon concentrations and salinity, tidal range, origin of allochthonous material, and herbivory patterns. Mangrove soils represented >80% of the total ecosystem carbon. Ecosystem carbon stocks were lower (81.9 Mg C ha−1) in the shrimp farms, 50% less than in undisturbed mangroves. Our results highlight mangroves as tropical ecosystems with extremely high carbon storage; therefore, they play an important role in mitigating climate change. This research provides a better understanding of how carbon stocks in this gulf are found and can be used for design strategies to protect global natural carbon sinks.

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“…With northerly winds in the winter and southerly winds in the summer [51], most of the limited rainfall for Saudi Arabia's south-western regions is due to monsoons in the Indian Ocean; a further gradient from north to south is produced by this environment, with substantially greater rainfall in the south [18]. In addition to the environmental factors, many human activities (such as camel and livestock grazing, depositing waste along the beaches and in the sea, and shrimp farming) increase the pressure on the ecosystems here [52,53]. The result of the combination of these factors, as discussed by Shaltout et al [54], is that the northern region is much less hospitable to plant life than the south.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Standing Crop Biomass and Carbon Content of Mangrove Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. along the Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia

et al. 2021

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A number of Avicennia marina mangrove forests exist along the 1134 km stretch of the Saudi Red Sea coast. Three areas, one in each of the north, centre, and south of the coast, were selected for this investigation into the relationship between total biomass (above-ground, AGB, and below-ground, BGB), and biomass carbon stocks of A. marina, along the nutrient availability (combined with a salinity gradient). To estimate the total biomass stock, this research employed equations formulated through a regression approach. Various population characteristics (tree crown diameter, height, and density) and measurements of carbon (C) in the trees were captured, and other measurements were gathered to represent the environmental properties: electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) levels. With this data from the 21 stands and 7 sites of A. marina covered by the three locations chosen along the coast, it was concluded that a discernible influence is exerted by the concentrations of TP and TN in the sea water and sediments over the population characteristics of this plant. The resulting estimates also demonstrated a steady increase in total biomass and total biomass carbon storage from the mangroves in the north toward the south, with values changing overall from 197.9 to 1188.2 Mg DM ha−1 and from 87.6 to 412.5 Mg C ha−1 respectively. This illustrates that the biomasses held by the southern mangroves are 6 times (total) and 4.7 times (total carbon storage) higher than those in the north.

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Effect of the conversion of mangroves into shrimp farms on carbon stock in the sediment along the southern Red Sea coast, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 46 publications

References 53 publications

Estimation of carbon pools in the biomass and soil of mangrove forests in Sirik Azini creek, Hormozgan province (Iran)

Estimation of carbon pools in the biomass and soil of mangrove forests in Sirik Azini creek, Hormozgan province (Iran)

Impact of Shrimp Ponds on Mangrove Blue Carbon Stocks in Ecuador

Standing Crop Biomass and Carbon Content of Mangrove Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. along the Red Sea Coast of Saudi Arabia

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