Effect of the Chemosterilant Hempa on the Yellow-Fever Mosquito and Its Liability to Induce Resistance

George, John A.; Brown, A. W. A.

doi:10.1093/jee/60.4.974

Cited by 13 publications

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“…Similar chromosomal damage by aziridines and phosphoramides in A. aegypti and in human cells in vitro have been reported by several authors (Rai 1964, George and Brown 1967, Chang and Elequin 1967, Chang and Klassen 1968. The dis tribution of apholate-induced breaks was non-random.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The aberrations induced by hempa were similar but not so severe as reported by George and Brown (1967) in A. aegypti. The degree of induction of sterility can not be directly correlated to chromosome breakage effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Many chemosterilants belonging to aziridinyl compounds, phosphoramides and s-tri azines are known to cause cytogenetic damage in the reproductive or embryonic tissues of insects (LaChance et al 1968, Morgan 1967, Cline 1968, Reinecke et al 1969). In addition, a similar damage to the brain cells of Aedes aegypti (L.) has been observed by larval treatment of apholate and hempa (Rai 1964, Sharma and Rai 1969, George and Brown 1967. As a result of these studies a concept has evolved that cytogenetic damage caused by chemicals is some how related to sterility (LaChance et a1.…”

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confidence: 77%

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Cytogenetic Basis of Chemically-Induced Sterility in <i>Culex pipiens fatigans</i> Wiedemann

1973

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Studies on the potential use of induced sterility in insect control have resulted in the discovery of a large number of chemicals having effect on fertility and fecun dity of many species of insects. While the cumulative effect of these compounds lead to sterility their mode of action at cellular level is not yet clear. Many chemosterilants belonging to aziridinyl compounds, phosphoramides and s-tri azines are known to cause cytogenetic damage in the reproductive or embryonic tissues of insects (LaChance et al. 1968, Morgan 1967, Cline 1968, Reinecke et al. 1969). In addition, a similar damage to the brain cells of Aedes aegypti (L.) has been observed by larval treatment of apholate and hempa (Rai 1964, Sharma and Rai 1969, George and Brown 1967. As a result of these studies a concept has evolved that cytogenetic damage caused by chemicals is some how related to sterility (LaChance et a1. 1968).In our earlier studies, a number of alkylating and non-alkylating chemosteri lants were shown to induce sterility in Culex pipiens fatigans Wied. . The present investigations were, therefore, aimed to elucidate a cytogenetic basis of such chemosterilant-induced sterility in C. p. fatigans by detailed studies involving their effects on somatic, reproductive and embryonic tissues, and on DNA synthesis in the gonads. The present paper deals with the effects of apholate, metepa and hempa on the somatic chromosomes. Materials and methodsThe mosquitoes for the present studies were drawn from a Delhi strain of C. p. fatigans established in our laboratory since 1965 (Pillai and Grover 1969). The chemosterilants employed were as follows: 1) Apholate-2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6-hexahydro-2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6-hexakis (1-aziridinyl)-1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6 triazatriphosphorine, 2) Metepa-tris (2-methyl-l-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide, and 3) Hempa-Hexamethyl phosphoric triamide.Mid-forth instar larvae (65 hrs old) were used for preparing somatic chromo somes of the brain following the squash technique of Breland (1961) modified by French et al. (1962). The karyotype studies were made by employing the modified mammalian chromosome technique of Lewis and Riles (1960) and chromosome measurements were made according to the procedure used by Baker and Aslamkhan (1969). Rapid cell divisions were found to occur in the brain cells of the larvae

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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confidence: 77%

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Cytogenetic Basis of Chemically-Induced Sterility in <i>Culex pipiens fatigans</i> Wiedemann

1973

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“…1965). Apholate and hempa have been shown to cause visible chromosomal aberrations in the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.) (Rai, 1964;George & Brown, 1967). Alkylating aziridinyl compounds can react with nucleic acids and protein, and inhibit cellular growth (Brooks & Lawley, 1961;Fraenkel-Conrat, 1961;Fahmy & Fahmy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Apholate and Hempa on Nucleic Acid and Protein Syntheses in the Yellow‐fever Mosquito

Pillai

Agarwal

1969

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The growth curve, nucleic acid and protein content of the various life stages of Aedes aegypti were studied. The larvae of this mosquito were treated with sterilizing doses of the chemosterilants apholate and hempa, and their effects on the above parameters were also investigated. The body‐weight increased gradually in the earlier instars and showed a sharp rise from late‐fourth instar to the pupa. Adults weighed less than the pupae Females weighed more than the males. In the controls, DNA and RNA content generally followed the growth curve. RNA content was more than DNA up to the late‐fourth instar and the ratio reversed in the later stages. Protein content also followed the growth curve except in adult female, where it was more than in the pupa. In general the treatment with the chemosterilants. apholate and hempa did not seem to alter RNA, DNA and protein content in the whole insect. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DIE WIRKUNG VON APHOLATE UND HEMPA AUF NUKLEINSÄURE‐ UND PROTEIN‐SYNTHESEN BEI DER GELBFIEBER‐MÜCKE Wachstumskurve, Nukleinsäure‐ und Eiweißgehalt verschiedener Entwicklungsstadien der Gelbfieber‐Mücke, Aedes aegypti, wurden untersucht. Die Larven dieser Mücke wurden mit sterilisierenden Dosen der Chemosterilantia Apholate und Hempa behandelt und ihre Wirkungen auf die genannten Parameter geprüft. Das Körpergewicht nahm in den frühen Stadien allmählich zu und zeigte vom Ende des 4. Stadiums bis zur Puppe einen steilen Anstieg. Adulte wogen weniger als die Puppen, Weibchen mehr als Männchen. In den Kontrollen folgte der DNS‐ und RNS‐Gehalt im allgemeinen der Wachstumskurve. Der RNS‐Gehalt war bis zum späten 4. Stadium größer als der DNS‐Gehalt, in den späteren Stadien kehrte sich das Verhältnis um. Der Eiweißgehalt folgte ebenfalls der Wachstumskurve mit Ausnahme bei den Weibchen, wo er höher war als in der Puppe. Im allgemeinen schien die Behandlung mit den Chemosterilantien Apholate und Hempa den RNS‐, DNS‐ und Eiweißgehalt im ganzen Insekt nicht zu verändern.

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“…However, it is interesting to note that hempa, which is a non-alkylating chemosterilant, also inhibits DNA synthesis in gonads. Treatment with hempa causes visible chromosomal aberrations in A. aegypti similar to apholate (George & Brown, 1967). It is probable that an apholate-like action of hempa may be due to its prior conversion to an alkylating metabolite (Borkove~,!968).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Thymidine Into Dna of the Gonads in the Normal and Chemosterilized Yellow‐fever Mosquito

Madhukar

Pillai

Agarwal

et al. 1970

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Effect of the chemosterilants, apholate and hempa, on the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in DNA of the gonads of Aedes aegypti was studied. Larval treatment with sterilizing doses of the chemosterilants caused inhibition of DNA synthesis in the gonads. The inhibition was found to be more in testes than in ovaries. The significance of these findings in relation to the mode of action of these chemosterilants is discussed. Zusammenfassung EINBAU VON THYMIDIN IN DIE DNS DER GONADEN VON NORMALEN UND CHEMOSTERILISIERTEN GELBFIEBERMÜCKEN Die Wirkung der Chemosterilantien Apholate und Hempa auf den Hinbau von tritiummarkiertem Thymidin in die DNS der Gonaden von Gelbfiebermücken wurde untersucht. Behandlung der Larven mit sterilisierenden Dosen der Chemosterilantien verursachte Hemmung der DNS‐Synthese in den Gonaden. Die Hemmung erwies sich in den Hoden als stärker als in den Ovarien. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde in Beziehung zur Wirkungsweise dieser Chemosterilantien wird diskutiert.

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Effect of the Chemosterilant Hempa on the Yellow-Fever Mosquito and Its Liability to Induce Resistance

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Cytogenetic Basis of Chemically-Induced Sterility in <i>Culex pipiens fatigans</i> Wiedemann

Cytogenetic Basis of Chemically-Induced Sterility in <i>Culex pipiens fatigans</i> Wiedemann

Effect of Apholate and Hempa on Nucleic Acid and Protein Syntheses in the Yellow‐fever Mosquito

Incorporation of Thymidine Into Dna of the Gonads in the Normal and Chemosterilized Yellow‐fever Mosquito

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