“…For example, Gao et al [4] using a semi-analytical study on the estimation of equilibrium time during the heat treatment process of arbitrary shape products, reported inconsistencies up to 20 % for the Biot number between 0.1 and 5. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) comprising various numerical methods has become in recent years a very cost effective and reliable technique to study the thermal interactions in different manufacturing processes including industrial furnaces [11][12][13][14][15]. Specifically, Wang et al [16] predicted the temperature field of gas quenching furnace using CFD simulation and Cosentino et al [17] investigated the non-uniform quenching effect on the product properties.…”
A combination of unsteady 3D CFD simulations and experimental temperature measurements was employed to determine the effect of loading patterns on the temperature distribution within steel forgings inside a gas-fired heat treatment furnace. This was aimed to obtain a more homogenous temperature distribution. Besides, a hybrid methodology using 3D numerical simulations and a high-resolution dilatometer allowed improving residence time of forgings inside the heat treatment furnace. The influence of the loading patterns and skids on temperature distribution and residence time of forgings was examined using thermal analysis four different loading patterns.Comprehensive unsteady thermal analysis of the products heating allowed quantifying the impact of skids usage and their dimensions on the extent of the uniformity of temperature distribution.The results were interpreted in terms of the inter-relationship between the skids usage, their geometry, absorbed radiation and convective heat fluxes. The analysis showed that temperature non-uniformities of up to 331 K could be produced for non-optimum loading patterns. Using the developed CFD approach it was possible to reduce the temperature non-uniformity of different sizes of blocks up to 32% via changing the loading pattern inside the furnace. Further, the slab's residence time was improved by almost 15.5% when employing the proposed hybrid approach. This approach could directly be applied to the optimization of different heat treatment cycles of forged blocks in different grades of steels.
“…For example, Gao et al [4] using a semi-analytical study on the estimation of equilibrium time during the heat treatment process of arbitrary shape products, reported inconsistencies up to 20 % for the Biot number between 0.1 and 5. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) comprising various numerical methods has become in recent years a very cost effective and reliable technique to study the thermal interactions in different manufacturing processes including industrial furnaces [11][12][13][14][15]. Specifically, Wang et al [16] predicted the temperature field of gas quenching furnace using CFD simulation and Cosentino et al [17] investigated the non-uniform quenching effect on the product properties.…”
A combination of unsteady 3D CFD simulations and experimental temperature measurements was employed to determine the effect of loading patterns on the temperature distribution within steel forgings inside a gas-fired heat treatment furnace. This was aimed to obtain a more homogenous temperature distribution. Besides, a hybrid methodology using 3D numerical simulations and a high-resolution dilatometer allowed improving residence time of forgings inside the heat treatment furnace. The influence of the loading patterns and skids on temperature distribution and residence time of forgings was examined using thermal analysis four different loading patterns.Comprehensive unsteady thermal analysis of the products heating allowed quantifying the impact of skids usage and their dimensions on the extent of the uniformity of temperature distribution.The results were interpreted in terms of the inter-relationship between the skids usage, their geometry, absorbed radiation and convective heat fluxes. The analysis showed that temperature non-uniformities of up to 331 K could be produced for non-optimum loading patterns. Using the developed CFD approach it was possible to reduce the temperature non-uniformity of different sizes of blocks up to 32% via changing the loading pattern inside the furnace. Further, the slab's residence time was improved by almost 15.5% when employing the proposed hybrid approach. This approach could directly be applied to the optimization of different heat treatment cycles of forged blocks in different grades of steels.
“…References [17,18] report on ways to increase the energy efficiency of billet heating by reducing the heat loss of related operations. Alex M. García et al [4] reported that the position and type of burners have a great effect on the performance of a walking-beam type reheating furnace, in terms of efficiency and product quality. When the burners were located in the rear wall of the furnace, a greater radiation heat flux was obtained.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fuel is fed to the heating furnace with a regenerator (1) via gas nozzles (4). After heating in the regenerator, the combustion air enters working chamber (2) with the heated material (3), through the flue gas ducts (5) which serve as air ducts or smoke windows, depending on the heating stage.…”
Section: The Principle Of Implementing Volume Combustionmentioning
Heating flame furnaces are the main type of furnaces used for heating and heat treatment of metal products in metallurgy and mechanical engineering. In the working chamber of a modern heating furnace, there should be neither high-temperature nor stagnation zones. One of the methods used to provide such combustion conditions is the application of distributed (volumetric) combustion. Owing to this method, heating quality is ensured by creating a uniform temperature field and equivalent heat exchange conditions, regardless of the placement of the charge in the working chamber of the furnace. In this work, we numerically study the volumetric combustion and influences of small- and large-scale recirculation ratios of furnace gases, the influence of temperature fluctuation on the regenerator nozzle, and the working parameters at the starting phase and reverse.
“…Ключовi слова: кiвш, сушка, розiгрiв, спалювання, пульсацiя, резонанс, баланс, паливо, економiя UDC 669.184:662.612 DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.201077 use of heat recovery [5], regenerative burners [6][7][8], and so on. However, according to our analysis, all these techniques were not used to dry and warm the steel-casting ladles and their application is problematic.…”
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