Effect of the amount of body condition loss from the dry to near calving periods on the subsequent body condition change, occurrence of postpartum diseases, metabolic parameters and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows

Kim, Ill-Hwa; Suh, Gook-Hyun

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(03)00135-3

Cited by 117 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…The rate and dynamics of that body condition loss equally influenced the odds of development of PUD. Kim and Suh (2003) also reported a similar correlation when the eliciting factor was prepartum overcondition, resulting in an elevated plasma NEFA concentration in the early postpartum period. This is supported by the significant negative correlation found between BCS and plasma NEFA concentration in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Although at the end of gestation the dry matter intake decreases also under physiological conditions and it remains low also in early lactation (Bertics et al, 1992), factors further decreasing the dry matter intake and/or disturbing the process of ruminal adaptation increase the odds of development of NEB and, consequently, PM. Such risk factors may include overcondition (Hayrili et al, 2002;Kim and Suh, 2003), management defects, environmental factors causing discomfort (Grummer et al, 2004) or heat stress (De Rensis and Scaramuzzi, 2003). Prepartum rations rich in starch and concentrate and poor in fibre also increase the risk of NEB (Holtenius et al, 2003) and ruminal acidosis (Brydl, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk assessment of postpartum uterine disease and consequences of puerperal metritis for subsequent metabolic status, reproduction and milk yield in dairy cows

Könyves

Szenci

Jurkovich

et al. 2009

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The objective of this study was to determine some metabolic and other factors predicting the risk of postpartum uterine disease (PUD), and the effects of puerperal metritis (PM) on metabolic status, reproduction and milk yield were analysed. A total of 105 Holstein-Friesian cows were included, and sampled on day < −14 prepartum and days 4, 10–14, 28–35 and 56–63 postpartum for metabolic tests. From day 4 the development of PUD, and from days 28–35 the ovarian activity was monitored. When grade ≥ 1 + ketonuria was present on day 4 postpartum, this indicated a higher probability of PUD [odds ratio (OR) 2.64; P < 0.05] including PM occurring on days 10–14 (OR: 2.65; P < 0.05). Plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations > 0.200 mmol/l on days < −14 prepartum indicated a higher risk of uterine diseases (OR: 3.44; P < 0.05). The odds of PUD increased, depending on whether a body condition score (BCS) loss of ≥ 1.0 occurred between days < −14 and 28–35 (OR: 2.82; P < 0.05), between days < −14 and 10–14 (OR: 4.79; P < 0.01) or between days 10–14 and 28–35 (OR: 10.81; P < 0.01). PM was more probable (OR: 27.3; P < 0.001) in cows with retained placenta. The risk of uterine diseases was lower in multiparous than in primiparous cows (OR: 0.29; P < 0.01). PM increased the risk of ovarian inactivity between days 28 and 35 (OR: 2.83; P < 0.05). Cows affected with PM (PM+ cows) showed lower milk production on day 4 (kg; P < 0.05) and lower milk production (P < 0.05), milk fat and milk protein production (kg; P < 0.01; P < 0.01) in the first 100 days of lactation than did PM− cows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of postpartum uterine disease and consequences of puerperal metritis for subsequent metabolic status, reproduction and milk yield in dairy cows

Könyves

Szenci

Jurkovich

et al. 2009

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…The monitoring of changes of the cows' condition in the peripartal period presents an important control mechanism of evaluating energy reserves in the body and is widely used in evaluating the body condition of dairy cows (Wildman et al 1982;Hady et al 1994). A greater deterioration in physical condition during the dry period and the first period of lactation results in the increased incidence of metabolic disorders, mainly of abomasal dislocation, ketosis and postparturient hypocalcaemia (Kim and Suh 2003).…”

Section: Body Condition Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the trial the TAG concentration in both groups evened out. The effect of physical condition on the TAG concentration was examined by Kim and Suh (2003). The authors compared dairy cows with a slight BCS decrease (by 0-0.75 point) and those with a serious Table 4.…”

Section: Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Full-fat Soybean Seeds and Hydrolyzed Palm Oil on the Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cows

et al. 2009

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The aim of the study was to compare the influence of fat supplementation in the form of full-fat soybean seeds and hydrolyzed palm oil as energy sources for dairy cows in early lactation.During the first 8 lactation weeks, 17 dairy cows divided into group S (n = 8) and group C (n = 9) were observed. The basic diet was the same for both groups. The differences were in the composition of the concentrate mixture, which had a balanced content of nutrients. In group S the fat source was heat-treated soybean seeds, while in group C the fat source used was hydrolyzed palm oil. The two diets started to be fed on the day of calving. Blood samples were taken weekly (1 st -5 th week) and 8 weeks after delivery. At the end of the experiment ruminal fluid was taken. During the experiment BCS in both groups deteriorated similarly. In group S it decreased from 3.8 ± 0.2 to 3.3 ± 0.3 and in group C from 3.5 ± 0.4 to 3.1 ± 0.4. A better performance of hepatic metabolism was proved in group S. In group S lower concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids were identified in the 3 rd (0.96 ± 0.38 vs. 1.76 ± 0.63 mmol·l ; p < 0.05) week after calving. The gamma-glutamyl transferase (EC 2.3.2.2) activity in serum indicates a better liver parenchyma condition in group S where no increased activity was identified above the reference range. An increased activity was identified in group C from the 2 nd week with a significant difference between groups detected in the 2 nd (0.41 ± 0.07 vs. 0.66 ± 0.25 µkat·l -1 ; p < 0.05) and 4 th (0.42 ± 0.05 vs. 0.64 ± 0.25 µkat·l -1 ; p < 0.05) weeks after delivery. There were no significant differences found between groups in bilirubin and aspartate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1) but a general tendency toward lower values is apparent in group S. No significant differences were found between groups by the examination of ruminal fluid.Based on these results we can conclude that full-fat soy was better utilised than hydrolysed palm oil and represents a suitable alternative for increasing energy concentration in the diet for dairy cows. On the other hand, the development of liver steatosis in cows make controversial the usage of fat as an energy source for fresh cows even if their BCS is around 3.5-3.8 and it may not be recommended generally. Soy, liver, lipid mobilization, blood, BCS, isoenzymes LDHLack of energy is the main limiting factor to high yields of dairy cows. Taking into account the low intake of dry matter and the fast increase of milk production in dairy cows after calving, it is important to provide a high energy concentration in the diet during this period. One possibility of solving the energy deficit in dairy cows in this period is to use supplementary fats. The main reason for using fat is its 2-3 times higher energy content compared to saccharides or proteins. The source of fat for dairy cows should have a high content of pure energy, high digestibility, acceptable palatability and price and should be easily manipulated. Fat in the diet can come from different sources, such as natu...

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“…Disorders associated with postpartum NEB also are related to impaired reproductive performance, including fatty liver (Rukkwamsuk et al, 1999;Jorritsma et al, 2003) and ketosis (Walsh et al, 2007;McArt et al, 2012). Cows that lost >1 body condition score (BCS) unit (1 to 5 scale) had greater incidence of metritis, retained placenta, and metabolic disorders (displaced abomasum, milk fever, ketosis) as well as a longer interval to first breeding than cows that lost <1 BCS unit during the transition (Kim and Suh, 2003).Indicators of NEB are highly correlated with lost milk production, increased disease and decreased fertility (Ospina et al, 2010; Chapinal et al, 2012). However, the extent to which NEB is causative for peripartal health problems rather than just a correlated phenomenon must be examined critically (Roche et al, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepartum and postpartum nutritional management to optimize fertility in high-yielding dairy cows in confined TMR systems

Drackley

Cardoso

2014

Animal

105

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The 6 to 8-week period centered on parturition, known as the transition or periparturient period, is critical to welfare and profitability of individual cows. Fertility of high-producing cows is compromised by difficult transitions. Deficiencies in either nutritional or non-nutritional management increase risk for periparturient metabolic disorders and infectious diseases, which decrease subsequent fertility. A primary factor impeding fertility is the extent of negative energy balance (NEB) early postpartum, which may inhibit timing of first ovulation, return to cyclicity, and oocyte quality. In particular, pronounced NEB during the first 10 days to 2 weeks (the time of greatest occurrence of health problems) is critical for later reproductive efficiency. Avoiding over-conditioning and preventing cows from over-consuming energy relative to their requirements in late gestation result in higher dry matter intake (DMI) and less NEB after calving. A pooled statistical analysis of previous studies in our group showed that days to pregnancy are decreased (by 10 days) by controlling energy intake to near requirements of cows before calving compared with allowing cows to over-consume energy. To control energy intake, total mixed rations (TMR) must be well balanced for metabolizable protein, minerals and vitamins yet limit total DM consumed, and cows must uniformly consume the TMR without sorting. Dietary management to maintain blood calcium and rumen health around and after calving also are important. Opportunities may exist to further improve energy status in fresh cows. Recent research to manipulate the glucogenic to lipogenic balance and the essential fatty acid content of tissues are intriguing. High-producing cows that adapt successfully to lactation can have high reproductive efficiency, and nutritional management of the transition period both pre-and post-calving must facilitate that adaptation.Keywords: transition period, reproduction, nutrition, metabolic disorders ImplicationsNutritional strategies and feeding management during precalving and post-calving periods impact health, productivity and fertility of high-producing dairy cows. Formulating diets to meet requirements of the cows but avoid over-consumption of energy may improve outcomes of the transition period and lead to improved fertility. Management to improve cow comfort and ensure good intake of the ration is pivotal for success. Impacts of the transition program should be evaluated in a holistic way that considers disease occurrence, productivity and fertility. IntroductionReproductive success is critical to the profitability and sustainability of dairy farms using confined total mixed ration (TMR)-based systems. Successful reproduction depends on a coordinated series of physiological events, including resumption of ovarian cyclicity postpartum, development and ovulation of a viable oocyte, fertilization, restoration of the uterus, embryo development and implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy until fetal maturation (Butler, 2003;Garnsworthy et a...

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Effect of the amount of body condition loss from the dry to near calving periods on the subsequent body condition change, occurrence of postpartum diseases, metabolic parameters and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows

Cited by 117 publications

References 39 publications

Risk assessment of postpartum uterine disease and consequences of puerperal metritis for subsequent metabolic status, reproduction and milk yield in dairy cows

Risk assessment of postpartum uterine disease and consequences of puerperal metritis for subsequent metabolic status, reproduction and milk yield in dairy cows

Influence of Full-fat Soybean Seeds and Hydrolyzed Palm Oil on the Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cows

Prepartum and postpartum nutritional management to optimize fertility in high-yielding dairy cows in confined TMR systems

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