Effect of the alkyl chain length on the anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of quaternary ammonium based surfactants

García, M.T.; Campos, E.; Sánchez‐Leal, J.; Ribosa, Isabel

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00576-1

Cited by 98 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These modifications (1988) led to an international standard for the assessment of anaerobic biodegradability, ISO 11734 (1995). Later Garcia et al (1999Garcia et al ( , 2000 used an anaerobic batch test system based on the method by Birch et al (1989) and the ISO 11734 standard to study the effect of alkyl chain length on the anaerobic biodegradation of surfactants. A digital pressure transducer was used to measure the increase in headspace pressure in closed bottles and the dissolved carbon dioxide was accounted for by measurement of inorganic carbon (IC) using a total organic carbon analyser (TOC).…”

Section: Manual Gasometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equipment used for testing anaerobic biodegradability and activity

Guwy

2004

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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Recently there has been a growing demand for information on the biodegradability and microbial toxicity of xenobiotic compounds. The environmental fate and effect of these chemicals in aerobic and anaerobic conditions has been extensively studied using a variety of different methods. This paper reviews the different protocols, equipment and instruments used in anaerobic biodegradation and activity tests, including the more sophisticated automated techniques recently developed. The different systems for detecting biogas production are given particular attention. As well as gasometric methods, the different instrumental techniques used to follow the fate of compounds under anaerobic conditions, via analysis of substrate consumption and product formation are evaluated.

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Section: Manual Gasometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equipment used for testing anaerobic biodegradability and activity

Guwy

2004

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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“…In order to combine microbiological degradation with adsorption on organoclays, among other things, two requirements must be fulfilled: (1) the contaminants must be present as substrate and it must be possible to mineralize them and (2) the organoclays must not have a toxic influence on the degrading organisms. This has to be verified since cationic surfactants have a bacterial effect (Garcia et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some addictives, such as surfactants, recently used to increase the bioavailability of hydrophobic contaminants are recalcitrant and thus become undesirable for this purpose (Garcia et al 1999). Biosurfactants could be an excellent alternative, but scarcity and the high cost are not attractive for this purpose (Ron and Rosenberg 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Biodegradation of Naphthalene and Anthracene by Modified Vermiculite Mixed with Soil

Froehner

Luz

Maceno

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Hydrophobic modified vermiculite mixed with soil was investigated in biodegradation experiments of naphthalene and anthracene. The experiments had been carried out on mixtures of soil and vermiculite at a proportion of 2%, 10%, and 15% and also in the absence of clay used for control. Biodegradation of the pollutants was followed by the decline of naphthalene and anthracene concentration, measured by CG. Compound mineralization was also proved by the evolution of CO 2 . The results showed that in the mixture with a higher proportion of vermiculite biodegradation is enhanced compared to that performed in the absence of vermiculite. In general, when vermiculite proportions are increased, the rate of degradation increases, which may account for the bioavailability of compounds. Bioavailability is an important factor for the degradation of compounds with low solubility. Comparison of biodegradation rates shows that naphthalene is degraded faster than anthracene. The chemical structure could be responsible for this observation. However, although we did not identify the microorganism that was in the soil, we can conclude that vermiculite could be an alternative for the bioavailability of such compounds. Vermiculite in the modified form could also be very useful as a barrier to retain organic pollutants in accidental spills.

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“…In many papers on the evaluation of biocidal activity, the most studied surfactants are mainly commercially available cationic surfactants, alone and in mixtures with other anionic or neutral amphiphilic compounds. Among the cationic single-chain surfactants, the most studied are N-alkyl trimethyl ammonium halides [3][4][5][6][7]. Surfactants are well known to inhibit the growth or to kill bacterial [8][9][10] and fungal cells [11,12], and to increase the efficacy of antimicrobial agents [13] and nanoparticles [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of N,N-bis(hydroxymethyl)-N-[(2-mercaptoacetoxy)methyl]alkyl ammonium bromide surfactant and their Co(II), Zn(II) and Sn(II) complexes

Tawfik

Zaky

2014

Res Chem Intermed

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Two-membered cationic surfactants namely: N,N-bis(hydroxymethyl)-N-[(2-mercaptoacetoxy)methyl)dodecane ammonium bromide (C12Q) and N,Nbis(hydroxymethyl)-N-[(2-mercaptoacetoxy)methyl]hexadecane ammonium bromide (C16Q) and their cobalt, tin and zinc complexes (C12QCo, C12QSn, C12QZn, C16QCo, C16QSn and C16QZn) were synthesized. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using different spectroscopy tools. The surface activities of the synthesized surfactants were influenced by their chemical structures and the type of the transition metals. The synthesized cationic surfactants and their metal complexes were evaluated as biocides against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus), Gram-negative bacteria (Bordetella pertussis and Escherichia coli) and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger), while the sulfate-reducing bacteria were tested against Desulfomonas pigra. The biological activity results showed that the cationic surfactants exhibit moderate to high efficiency against the tested microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity was strongly increased by complexation of these cationic surfactants with Co(II), Sn(II) and Zn(II) ions. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against sulfate-reducing bacteria showed promising results in the field of biocides application.

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Effect of the alkyl chain length on the anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of quaternary ammonium based surfactants

Cited by 98 publications

References 8 publications

Equipment used for testing anaerobic biodegradability and activity

Equipment used for testing anaerobic biodegradability and activity

Enhanced Biodegradation of Naphthalene and Anthracene by Modified Vermiculite Mixed with Soil

Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of N,N-bis(hydroxymethyl)-N-[(2-mercaptoacetoxy)methyl]alkyl ammonium bromide surfactant and their Co(II), Zn(II) and Sn(II) complexes

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