Several recent studies of hydroxyl-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) have shown that cation-cation interactions can be dominating these materials at the molecular level when the anion involved is weakly interacting. The hydrogen bonds between the like ions led to the formation of interesting chain-like, ringlike, or distinct dimeric (i. e. two ion pairs) supermolecular clusters. In the present work, vibrational spectroscopy (ATR-IR and Raman) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the hydroxyl-functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid C 2 OHmimCl indicate that anion-cation hydrogen bonding interactions are dominating, leading to the formation of distinct dimeric ion pair clusters. In this arrangement, the Cl À anions function as a bridge between the cations by establishing bifurcated hydrogen bonds with the OH group of one cation and the C(2)-H of another cation. Cation-cation interactions, on the other hand, do not play a significant role in the observed clusters.Ionic liquids (ILs) are fascinating materials and have received considerable attention in academia as well as industry over the past 20 years. The tunability of their properties via combining suitable cations and anions makes them attractive for applications in a variety of fields including organic synthesis, catalysis, electrochemistry, and separation. [1][2][3][4] These designable proper-ties (e. g. viscosity, electrical conductivity, and non-volatility) are determined by the molecular interactions between the ions. Therefore, unravelling the structure-property relationships and finding universal correlations that can be utilized for a rational design, i. e. without the need for extensive trial-and-error testing, is an important goal. [5,6] In fact, a full understanding of how the chemical structure of the ions and the interionic forces effect the macroscopic properties of an IL will be a game changer.The molecular interactions inside ILs are rather complicated compared to other classes of materials. There are long-range coulombic forces due to the charges of the ions, dispersion forces between aliphatic chains, as well as hydrogen bonding. The interplay of these interactions yields a local structure and produces micro/mesoscopic local domains. Studying how these phenomena affect the macroscopic properties has been and still is a hot topic in chemistry and chemical engineering. A common approach is to investigate series of ILs with a systematically changing structure in one ion while keeping the other ion constant. For example, varying the alkyl chain length in 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ILs or changing the anion was performed in many studies. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Studying ILs with functionalized side chains is another highly active area of research that aims at understanding the structure-property relationships. In particular, substituting alkyl chains by hydroxyl-functionalized moieties is currently very popular as this adds a further group that can potentially form hydrogen bonds. These hydroxyl-functionalized ILs were developed fo...