Effect of the Addition of Corn Husk Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Development of a Novel Edible Film

Abstract

The cellulose from agroindustrial waste can be treated and converted into nanocrystals or nanofibers. It could be used to produce biodegradable and edible films, contributing to the circular economy and being environmentally friendly. This research aimed to develop an edible film elaborated with activated cellulose nanocrystals, native potato starch, and glycerin. The activated cellulose nanocrystals were obtained by basic/acid digestion and esterification with citric acid from corn husks. The starch was extracted from the native potato cultivated at 3500 m of altitude. Four film formulations were elaborated with potato starch (2.6 to 4.4%), cellulose nanocrystals (0.0 to 0.12%), and glycerin (3.0 to 4.2%), by thermoforming at 60 °C. It was observed that the cellulose nanocrystals reported an average size of 676.0 nm. The films mainly present hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups that stabilize the polymeric matrix. It was observed that the addition of cellulose nanocrystals in the films significantly increased (p-value < 0.05) water activity (0.409 to 0.447), whiteness index (96.92 to 97.27), and organic carbon content. In opposition to gelatinization temperature (156.7 to 150.1 °C), transparency (6.69 to 6.17), resistance to traction (22.29 to 14.33 N/mm), and solubility in acidic, basic, ethanol, and water media decreased. However, no significant differences were observed in the thermal decomposition of the films evaluated through TGA analysis. The addition of cellulose nanocrystals in the films gives it good mechanical and thermal resistance qualities, with low solubility, making it a potential food-coating material.

Effect of Germination on the Physicochemical Properties, Functional Groups, Content of Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Capacity of Different Varieties of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Grown in the High Andean Zone of Peru

“…Readings were taken in reflectance modulus. The color difference (∆E) between the germinated quinoa flour and the control (ungerminated) flour was calculated using Equation (1), while the whiteness index (WI) was calculated using Equation (2) [32,33].…”

Synergistic sequential oxidative extraction for nanofibrillated cellulose isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch

“…It can also help in the development of rural areas by providing a side source of income for farmers as the agricultural waste can be turned into valuable materials. Agricultural residues such as soybean straw [ 2 ], sugarcane bagasse, top/leave [ 3 ], corn husk/stover/cob/stalks [ 4 , 5 ], oil palm residues [ 4 , 6 , 7 ], rice straw, wheat straw [ 4 ], are among the most suitable residues to be used as cellulose feedstock.…”