Effect of the Activator Type and Catalyst/Activator Ratio on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cast PA-6

Tüzün, F. Nihal

doi:10.1080/03602550801978008

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Values between the range of 1,200 and 4,621 MPa (Wilkinson et al , 2007; Van Rijswijk et al , 2006b; Green and Hersam, 2009; Shelley et al , 2001; Unal and Mimaroglu, 2012; KMI, 1995; Yuan and Turng, 2005) have also been reported. The wide range of values reported might be attributed to processing conditions, the strain history of the polymer and the conditioning prior to characterisation (Ahmadi et al , 2010; Saeed and Park, 2007; Van Rijswijk et al , 2006b; Shelley et al , 2001; Mahmood et al , 2014; Tung et al , 2005; Tüzün, 2008; Yuan and Turng, 2005; Cho and Paul, 2001). Another factor which affects the mechanical properties is test conditions such as the applied cross-head speed which influences tensile properties (Cho and Paul, 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of mechanical properties of Pa6 based reinforced graphite and graphite nano platelets composites using different aspect ratio

Umar¹,

Ofem²,

Anwar³

et al. 2021

JEDT

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Purpose This study aims to fabricate and study the effect of five cumulative graphite (G) and graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) filler loading composites by polymerising PA6 precursor; monomer epsilon caprolactam with the two carbons in situ while taking cognisance of the mixing effects (simultaneous stirring and sonication at varying amplitudes and duration). Different aspect ratios will be used to model the two streams of polymerisations. Design/methodology/approach High viscosity extrusion grade PA6 and synthetic G of less than 2 µm particle size were used as fillers. GNP and G are dried for 6 h in vacuum oven at 90°C. Prior to in situ polymerisation, probe sonication was applied to disperse fillers in molten ɛ-caprolactam, the PA6 monomer. Five carbon loadings were made, that is 5–25 Wt.% for G and 0.5–2.5 Wt.% for GNP composites. Two different sonification regimes were applied 20% sonication amplitude for 20 min (20/20) and 40% sonication amplitude for 10 min (40/10). Findings Better tensile properties were achieved using the 20/20 processing streams for both G and GNP. The G- and the GNP-based composites systems of the 20/20 processing stream had tensile modulus and yield strength retained or improved above the unfilled PA6 value. The highest modulus obtained in the 20/20 streams are 1,878 and 1,201 MPa, respectively, for GNP and G at the highest loading levels, while the 40/10 processing streams had 963 and 1,247 MPa, respectively, for the GNP and G. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, nobody has ever used sonification amplitude to compare mechanical properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of mechanical properties of Pa6 based reinforced graphite and graphite nano platelets composites using different aspect ratio

Umar¹,

Ofem²,

Anwar³

et al. 2021

JEDT

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“…When composites of parallel loading are compared (Table 1), a semblance of a pattern is seen with nanocomposites in the INP 40/10 system reflecting the stepping-up of the mole % of catalysing species, thus preventing the fall in rate of reaction. It is possible to improve the physical properties of PA6 by changing the catalysing specie concentrations (Tüzün, 2008). However, the effective modulus of GNP filler in INP 20/20 system estimate as 22.4GPa and that of INP 40/10 system being only 4.8GPa probably indicates poor GNP morphology and aspect ratio of the GNP (due to the sonication condition applied).…”

Section: Storage Modulus Of the Np 200/3 And Np100/6 Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage Moduli of in situ Polymerised and Melt Extruded PA6 Graphite (G) Composites

Umar

Ofem

Anwar

et al. 2021

Nig. J. Env. Sci. & Tech.

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Four PA6/graphite (G) composites systems were made. Two in situ polymerisation equivalent in mixing strain and two melt extrusion of equivalent processing strain. The effective modulus of the carbons, room temperature storage modulus and storage modulus at 80 ⁰C were evaluated using Dynamic Mechanical and thermal Analysis (DMTA). Melt processing, was employed to make PA6/carbon composite systems over a range of loadings of Graphite (G) and Graphite Nano Platelets (GNP) fillers. Melt extrusion was carried out using 100/6 processing condition, which indicates an extrusion screw rotation frequency of 100 rpm applied for 6 minutes (min) and 200/3 processing conditions, of 200 rpm for 3 min. For in situ polymerised systems G and GNP dispersion was made using two similar conditions designated as 40/10 and 20/20. Here, 40/10 indicates that sonication amplitude of 40% was applied for 10 min, whereas in the 20/20 conditions, amplitude of 20% was applied for 20 min. For in situ Nano P INP 40/10 systems weak interaction between PA6 and GNP is indicated by the very low modulus enhancement above glass transition temperature (Tg). The modulus behaviour shows that the reinforcement provided by GNP is not significant relative to unfilled PA6, despite the low loading levels. A similar, but less pronounced, behaviour is observed for INP 20/20 system. Effective modulus for the in situ polymerised systems INP 40/10, was 4.8 GPa. Due to the low loading level of GNP used and the better reaction rates, an extrapolated modulus of 22.4 GPa is obtained in the INP 20/20 system. For G200/3 and G100/6 the trend of increasing modulus with GNP loading is not followed exactly. On all levels of loading, the relative modulus values of the INP 20/20 system are higher than those of the 40/10 system, a reflection of retention or improvement in the aspect ratio of the GNP due to less intensive sonication.

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“…Tüzün evaluated the effect of three different activator types and catalyst/activator ratios on the physical and mechanical properties of nylon 6. Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), and diphenyl methylene diamine (DPMD) were used as activators and CLNa was employed as catalyst.…”

Section: Copolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic copolymerization of nylon 6/12: A comprehensive review

Mohammadi

Ahmadi

Ghasemi

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This review aims to provide a concise insight into the rapidly growing anionic ring‐opening copolymerization of nylon 6/12 and its related structures. This study analyzes the relationship between the structures of polymerization components and the relevant properties to achieve optimum copolymerization formulation. Specific emphasis is placed on how the catalyst type and temperature influence the final copolymer structure. The present work reviews available literature about nylon 6/12 synthesis published between 1960 and 2017 and investigates structures linked to polymerization mechanisms behind them. Moreover, experimental results derived from direct/indirect identification methods of structures are presented. The crystalline morphology of different structures was also evaluated. The thermal behaviors of synthesized copolymers are explored comprehensively. Finally, mechanical properties alteration and enhanced water absorption results are reported. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1529–1543 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Effect of the Activator Type and Catalyst/Activator Ratio on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cast PA-6

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Modelling of mechanical properties of Pa6 based reinforced graphite and graphite nano platelets composites using different aspect ratio

Modelling of mechanical properties of Pa6 based reinforced graphite and graphite nano platelets composites using different aspect ratio

Storage Moduli of in situ Polymerised and Melt Extruded PA6 Graphite (G) Composites

Anionic copolymerization of nylon 6/12: A comprehensive review

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