Effect of Thawing Time, Cooling Rate and Boron Nutrition on Freezing Point of the Primordial Shoot in Norway Spruce Buds

Räisänen, Mikko; Repo, Tapani; Lehto, Tarja

doi:10.1093/aob/mcl008

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the effects found are small in extent in cases where the deficiency has not caused severe structural damage (Räisänen et al, 2006a(Räisänen et al, , 2009. When the structure of buds was already incomplete because of B deficiency, the buds did not have the ability to deepsupercool (Räisänen et al, 2006b); however, the freezing effect was secondary.…”

Section: Cold Tolerancementioning

confidence: 90%

Boron in forest trees and forest ecosystems

Lehto

Ruuhola

Dell

2010

Forest Ecology and Management

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112

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Section: Cold Tolerancementioning

confidence: 90%

Boron in forest trees and forest ecosystems

Lehto

Ruuhola

Dell

2010

Forest Ecology and Management

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112

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“…5). At that time, prevailing air temperature in the field was clearly below 0 • C. Low-frost hardiness of buds in the second and third DTA-runs after sampling is probably an artefact from too long thawing times of buds before the DTA run (Räisänen et al 2006). Reversely, long-term pre-freezing increases frost hardiness of shoots and buds dramatically (Tumanov and Krasavtsev 1959;Sakai 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does ice crystal formation in buds explain growth disturbances in boron-deficient Norway spruce?

Räisänen

Repo

Rikala³

et al. 2006

Trees

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Loss of apical dominance in boron-deficient trees has been suggested to be due to frost damage of terminal buds and leaders. Excessive nitrogen (N) supply can exacerbate boron (B) deficiency by the dilution-effect. N may also have direct effects on winter hardiness. We studied frost hardening of buds of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in healthy-looking trees and in trees with growth disturbances. The effect of B and N on frost hardiness was studied in a factorial fertilisation experiment during cold acclimation. Frost hardiness was determined by differential temperature analysis (DTA) and scoring of visual damage. In a DTA profile of apical buds with a piece of stem, lowtemperature exotherm (LTE) predicted bud injury, while two of the observed high-temperature exotherms and two of the observed intermediate-temperature exotherms were non injurious. Appearance of LTE followed changes in air temperature. The risk of frost damage was not affected by fertilisation treatments or previously observed growth disturbances. However, when the bud structure was deformed by severe B deficiency, the supercooling ability disappeared. Such buds are probably killed by freezing in nature and therefore, frost damage may play a secondary role in the development of growth disturbances.

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“…This could explain the poor hardiness in the buds in our study, since all buds were thawed at the time of the freeze test. As pointed out by Räisänen et al (2006), the sensitivity of buds to frost damage in nature could be overestimated if we ignore such effects of thawing in our test conditions. However, in another paper, they were able to produce hardiness in buds of Norway spruce down to -40°C in a growth chamber experiment, even if the tissue was thawed prior to freeze testing (Räisänen et al 2007).…”

Section: Difference Among Tissues In Frost Hardinessmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The low rate of freezing we applied (2°C h -1 ) would probably allow water to be withdrawn from the embryonic shoot fast enough to avoid intracellular freezing, but this has to be tested in future experiments. Räisänen et al (2006) showed that buds may deharden rapidly when thawed. This could explain the poor hardiness in the buds in our study, since all buds were thawed at the time of the freeze test.…”

Section: Difference Among Tissues In Frost Hardinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of frost nights and day and night temperature during dormancy induction on frost hardiness, tolerance to cold storage and bud burst in seedlings of Norway spruce

Søgaard

Granhus

Johnsen³

2009

Trees

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For trees, the ability to obtain and maintain sufficient levels of frost hardiness in late autumn, winter and spring is crucial. We report that temperatures during dormancy induction influence bud set, frost hardiness, tolerance to cold storage, timing of bud burst and spring frost hardiness in seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Bud set occurred later in 12°C than in 21°C, and later in cool nights (7°C) than in constant temperature. One weekly frost night (-2.5°C) improved frost hardiness. Cool nights reduced frost hardiness early, but improved hardiness later during cold acclimation. Buds and stems were slightly hardier in 21°C than in 12°C, while needles were clearly hardier in 12°C. Cold daytime temperature, cool nights and one weekly frost night improved cold storability (0.7°C). Seedlings receiving high daytime temperatures burst buds later, and were less injured by light frost some days after bud burst.

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Effect of Thawing Time, Cooling Rate and Boron Nutrition on Freezing Point of the Primordial Shoot in Norway Spruce Buds

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Boron in forest trees and forest ecosystems

Boron in forest trees and forest ecosystems

Does ice crystal formation in buds explain growth disturbances in boron-deficient Norway spruce?

Effect of frost nights and day and night temperature during dormancy induction on frost hardiness, tolerance to cold storage and bud burst in seedlings of Norway spruce

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