Effect of terrorism on economic growth in Pakistan: an empirical analysis

Zakaria, Muhammad; Wen, Jun; Ahmed, Haseeb

doi:10.1080/1331677x.2019.1638290

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Nurses of the current study identified financial constraints, lack of human resource, and deprived healthcare infrastructure as a major barrier while managing a terrorism-related disaster. Because of terrorism, Pakistan's economy has suffered a direct and indirect cost of almost US $126.79 billion ( 50 ). Local business and international trade are also adversely affected and resulted in increased inflation and loss of business market share.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Expecting the Unexpected:” Nurses' Response and Preparedness of Terrorism-Related Disaster Events in Quetta City, Pakistan

Khilji

Raziq

Shoaib

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: In addition to the psychiatric and societal misery, terrorism places an exceptional burden while delivering healthcare services. Accordingly, a responsive and well-prepared healthcare system ensures effective management of terrorism-related events. Within this context, with a strong historic grounding in addressing situations of societal crisis nurses are well-placed in contributing to the global arena of humanitarian policy and social research. Therefore, assessing their response and preparedness is vital in effective management of a terrorism-related disaster. For that very reason, we aimed to evaluate nurses' preparedness and response toward terrorism-related disaster events in Quetta city, Pakistan.Methods: A qualitative design was adopted to explore nurses' response and preparedness of terrorism-related disaster events. By using a semi-structured interview guide through the phenomenology-based approach, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted. Nurses practicing at the Trauma Center of Sandeman Provincial Hospital (SPH), Quetta, were approached for the study. All interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and were then analyzed for thematic contents by the standard content analysis framework.Results: Fifteen nurses were interviewed and thematic content analysis revealed five themes. All nurses have experienced, responded to, and managed terrorism-related disaster events. They were prepared both professionally and psychologically in dealing with a terrorism-related disaster. Among limitations, space and workforce were highlighted by almost all the respondents. Lack of disaster-related curricula, absence of a protocol, recurrence of the disaster, and hostile behavior of victim's attendants during an emergency were highlighted as a key barrier toward terrorism-related disaster management.Conclusion: The skills and expertise needed to address a terrorism-related disaster are well-understood by the nurses but are lacking for various reasons. In addition to the review and adaption of the nursing curriculum specifically for terrorism-related disaster management, collaboration and dialogue between various stakeholders is required to efficiently manage terrorism-related disaster events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Expecting the Unexpected:” Nurses' Response and Preparedness of Terrorism-Related Disaster Events in Quetta City, Pakistan

Khilji

Raziq

Shoaib

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…However, in the absence of peace, these achievements are extremely fragile. Yet, a contrast can be found in Zakaria, Jun, and Ahmed (2019) who show that a 1% increase in terrorism reduces foreign direct investment (FDI) by 0.1%, and economic growth by 0.002%.…”

Section: Conceptualising a Costing Model For The Impact Of Terrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economic Impact of Terrorism from 2000 to 2018

Bardwell¹,

Iqbal²

2020

Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy

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This paper estimates the economic impact of terrorism at $US 33 billion in 2018. In the 18 years from 2000 to 2018, terrorism cost the world economy $US 855 billion. This model follows the methodology of the 2019 Global Terrorism Index and uses a bottom-up cost accounting approach to aggregate the cost of four indicators that result from the incidents of terrorism. The four indicators include terrorism-related deaths, injuries, property damage and GDP losses. The findings of this paper show that global terrorism peaked in 2014 with 33,555 deaths globally and a consequential economic impact of $US 111 billion. From 2011 to 2014, terrorism-related deaths increased by 353%, and terrorist incidents rose by 190%. The 100 incidents with the highest economic impact from deaths and injuries are included in the analysis. The September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States stands as the incident with the highest economic impact accounting for deaths and injuries only at $US 40.6 billion, this is followed by the Sinjar massacre in Sinjar, Nineveh, Iraq at $US 4.3 billion.

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“…The Easter Sunday attack on 21 April 2019 severely impacted the tourism industry in Sri Lanka, and tourist arrivals dropped by more than 70 percent from a year earlier in May and approximately 60 percent in June. From the analysis based on annual data for the period of 1972-2014, Zakaria et al (2019) revealed that the terrorism impact on domestic investment is significantly negative, and a 1% increase in terrorism reduces domestic investment by 0.039 percent and economic growth by 0.002 percent in Pakistan. Further, Gaibulloev and Sandler (2008) revealed that an additional terrorist incident per million persons reduces GDP per capita growth by about 1.5% in Asian countries.…”

Section: International Terrorism and Religious Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Global Challenges and Survival Strategies of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

et al. 2020

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Economic globalization has created many challenges for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) due to the rapid increase in competition. Therefore, the downfall rate of SMEs is relatively high, a short period after their commencement. Accordingly, SMEs need to adopt survival strategies and strategic methods to succeed in confronting the various global challenges faced by the SME sector. This study critically examined the existing literature on global challenges for SMEs to understand the SMEs’ survival and successive mechanisms in the present competitive business background. Published information related to the field by the multilateral institutions and 110 research papers published by four recognized publishing companies, i.e., Emerald, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, and MDPI, were chosen for this study. The review revealed the critical global challenges for SMEs within the context of economic globalization. They are the global market competition, global finance and economic crises, information communication technology, the emergence of multi-national corporations, transnational corporations, consumer changes and especially their preferences, trade dumping, international terrorism, and religious conflicts and trade wars. Furthermore, the study considered the survival strategies of SMEs in the industrial platform to recognize sustainability-related policies, specifically, the necessity for a robust theoretical examination on the survival strategies of SMEs in the field of global challenges.

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Effect of terrorism on economic growth in Pakistan: an empirical analysis

Cited by 50 publications

References 54 publications

“Expecting the Unexpected:” Nurses' Response and Preparedness of Terrorism-Related Disaster Events in Quetta City, Pakistan

“Expecting the Unexpected:” Nurses' Response and Preparedness of Terrorism-Related Disaster Events in Quetta City, Pakistan

The Economic Impact of Terrorism from 2000 to 2018

A Review of Global Challenges and Survival Strategies of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

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