Effect of Terminal (Dry) Heat Treatment on Non-Enveloped Viruses in Coagulation Factor Concentrates

Hart, H.F.; Hart, W.G.; Crossley, J.; Wood, A.-M.; John, A.; McOmish, F. (d)

doi:10.1159/000462636

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Generally, the reduction in HAV infectivity after freezedrying was less than 2 log 10 units, in line with results reported by Hart and coworkers (20) for coagulation factor concentrates. These authors also showed that infectious HAV was completely inactivated after a terminal dry heat treatment for 6 h at 90°C or for 24 h at 80°C.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These authors also showed that infectious HAV was completely inactivated after a terminal dry heat treatment for 6 h at 90°C or for 24 h at 80°C. Only residual virus was detected after 2 h of treatment at 90°C or after 8 h of treatment at 80°C (20). We initially evaluated a terminal dry heat treatment consisting of 20 min at 80°C since this treatment is currently used in factories when high counts of molds are detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inactivation of Enteric Viruses in Minimally Processed Berries and Herbs

Butot

Putallaz

Amoroso

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Several hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human norovirus (HuNoV) outbreaks due to consumption of contaminated berries and vegetables have recently been reported. Model experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of freeze-drying, freeze-drying combined with heating, and steam blanching for inactivation of enteric viruses that might be present on the surface of berries and herbs. Inactivation of HAV and inactivation of feline calicivirus, a surrogate for HuNoV, were assessed by viral culturing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), whereas HuNoV survival was determined only by quantitative RT-PCR. While freeze-drying barely reduced (<1.3 log 10 units) the amount of HAV RNA detected in frozen produce, a greater decline in HAV infectivity was observed. The resistance of HuNoV genogroup I (GI) to freeze-drying was significantly higher than that of HuNoV GII on berries. Addition of a terminal dry heat treatment at 120°C after freeze-drying enhanced virus inactivation by at least 2 log 10 units, except for HuNoV GII. The results suggest that steam blanching at 95°C for 2.5 min effectively inactivated infectious enteric viruses if they were present in herbs. Our results provide data for adjusting food processing technologies if viral contamination of raw materials is suspected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Enteric Viruses in Minimally Processed Berries and Herbs

Butot

Putallaz

Amoroso

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…PCR screening of blood products has been shown to facilitate removal of 23 B19 PCR-positive donations from a plasma pool of 6000, resulting in a 10-100-fold decrease in viral load (Prowse et al, 1997). However, the level of B19 DNA does not necessarily correlate to the rate of infectivity, as has been demonstrated previously for the canine parvovirus; in this case, heat treatment was found to reduce canine parvovirus infectivity by .100-fold, despite the fact that the PCR assay titre was unaltered (Hart et al, 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Advances in the biology, diagnosis and host–pathogen interactions of parvovirus B19

Corcoran

Doyle

2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

152

103

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Increased recognition of parvovirus B19 (B19), an erythrovirus, as a significant human pathogen that causes fetal loss and severe disease in immunocompromised patients has resulted in intensive efforts to understand the pathogenesis of B19-related disease, to improve diagnostic strategy that is deployed to detect B19 infection and blood-product contamination and, finally, to elucidate the nature of the cellular immune response that is elicited by the virus in diverse patient cohorts. It is becoming clear that at least three related erythrovirus strains (B19, A6/K71 and V9) are circulating in the general population and that viral entry into target cells is mediated by an expanding range of cellular receptors, including P antigen and â-integrins. Persistent infection by B19 is emerging as a contributory factor in autoimmune disease, a hypothesis that is constrained by the detection of B19 in the skin of apparently healthy individuals. B19 infection during pregnancy may account for thousands of incidences of fetal loss per annum in Europe, North America and beyond, yet there is currently only minimal screening of pregnant women to assess serological status, and thereby risk of infection, upon becoming pregnant. Whilst major advances in diagnosis of B19 infection have taken place, including standardization of serological and DNA-based detection methodologies, blood donations that are targeted at high-risk groups are only beginning to be screened for B19 IgG and DNA as a means of minimizing exposure of at-risk patients to the virus. It is now firmly established that a Th1-mediated cellular immune response is mounted in immunocompetent individuals, a finding that should contribute to the development of an effective vaccine to prevent B19 infection in selected high-risk groups, including sickle-cell anaemics. Parvovirus B19In 1975, Yvonne Cossart discovered what was to become known as human parvovirus B19 (B19) (Cossart et al., 1975). B19 was first associated with disease in 1981, when it was linked to an aplastic crisis in a patient with sickle-cell disease. It has since been shown to cause erythema infectiosum (EI) (fifth disease of childhood), spontaneous abortion and some forms of acute arthritis (Anderson et al., 1983; Kinney et al., 1988;Woolf & Cohen, 1995).B19 is a small, non-enveloped, ssDNA virus and, like all parvoviruses, the capsid proteins are arranged with icosahedral symmetry. B19 is 20-25 nm in diameter and has a genome of 5 . 6 kb (Clewley, 1984;Cotmore & Tattersall, 1984). The B19 capsid consists of an 83 kDa minor structural protein, VP1, and a 5 kDa major structural protein, VP2. VP2 makes up about 95 % of the total capsid, with VP1 accounting for the remaining 5 % . The sequences of the two proteins are collinear, with VP2 being identical to the carboxyl-terminus of VP1; however, VP1 comprises an additional 227 aa domain that is unique to the amino-terminal (Fig. 1). To the left of these sequences on the B19 genome is the ORF for a non-structural protein, NS1, which encodes a protein product of 7...

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“…Addition of this virus to factor VIII, prior to freeze drying and heat treatment, was used to show at least a 100-fold reduction in infectivity by heat treatment at 80°C for 24 h, without any change in PCR assay titre [122]. The high purity factor VIII, Replenate, can withstand heating at 100°C for 24 h with inactivation of > 5 log of bovine parvovirus infectivity [122][123][124].…”

Section: Patient Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Parvovirus B19 and Blood Products

Prowse¹,

Ludlam²,

Yap³

1997

Vox Sanguinis

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Background and objectives: Human B19 parvovirus (B19), identified in 1975, was only recognised as the causative agent of fifth disease in 1983. The incidence of viraemia is low, around 1 in 1,000, but is sufficient to ensure that most plasma pools for fractionation contain some virus. While infection usually occurs in childhood and is benign, chronic infection sometimes occurs and may be of concern in certain patient groups. Materials and methods: This review is based on a meeting held in March 1995, and addresses recent concerns regarding the potential transmission of B19 infection by pooled plasma products. Results: Recent data on the pathophysiology and assay of this virus are summarised along with possible approaches to donor screening, product screening, and virus removal. Only five cases of symptomatic infection have been reported in persons with haemophilia, but no technology for vims removal is established, and infection may be of concern in pregnant women, and in patients with enhanced red cell turnover or who are immunosuppressed, including those infected with human immunodeficiency vims, but only rarely in immunocompetent patients. Conclusions: For the future, well-validated assays relevant to vims infectivity are required if blood donations, plasma pools, or plasma products are to be screened, and an in-process vims inactivation step for B19 would be highly desirable. In the interim, non-plasma or recombinant products or a selective transfusion policy might be used in patient groups in which B19 infection is of particular concern. Further clinical data on the prognosis and impact of B19 infection are needed to justify both such policies and the future adoption of new technologies designed to reduce any excess B19 infectivity arising from transfused products.

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Effect of Terminal (Dry) Heat Treatment on Non-Enveloped Viruses in Coagulation Factor Concentrates

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Inactivation of Enteric Viruses in Minimally Processed Berries and Herbs

Inactivation of Enteric Viruses in Minimally Processed Berries and Herbs

Advances in the biology, diagnosis and host–pathogen interactions of parvovirus B19

Human Parvovirus B19 and Blood Products

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