Effect of Temperature, Salinity and Photoperiod on the Number of Trunk Vertebrae in Ambystoma maculatum

Peabody, Robert B.; Brodie, Edmund D.

doi:10.2307/1443326

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The range of reaction norm shapes seen in Batrachoseps parallels that found in Ambystoma, the only other salamander clade in which the reaction norm has been determined in multiple species (Orska and Imiolek 1962;Lindsey 1966;Peabody and Brodie 1975). In other vertebrates, more constancy of reaction norm shape has been noted.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Alternatively, number of vertebrae might be a phenotypically plastic trait. The temperature of development affects the number of vertebrae in diverse taxa (e.g., Timing 1952;Fox et al 1961;Lecyk 1965;Lindsey and Moodey 1967;Fowler 1970;Osgood 1978;Lindsey and Arnason 1981), including several salamanders (Imiolek 1962;Orska and Imiolek 1962;Lindsey 1966;Peabody and Brodie 1975).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF NUMBER OF TRUNK VERTEBRAE IN SLENDER SALAMANDERS, BATRACHOSEPS (CAUDATA: PLETHODONTIDAE)

Jockusch

1997

Evolution

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To understand the evolutionary significance of geographic variation, one must identify the factors that generate phenotypic differences among populations. I examined the causes of geographic variation in and evolutionary history of number of trunk vertebrae in slender salamanders, Batrachoseps (Caudata: Plethodontidae). Number of trunk vertebrae varies at many taxonomic levels within Batrachoseps. Parallel clines in number occur along an environmental gradient in three lineages in the Coast Ranges of California. These parallel clines may signal either adaptation or a shared phenotypically plastic response to the environmental gradient. By raising eggs from 10 populations representing four species of Batrachoseps, I demonstrated that number of trunk vertebrae can be altered by the developmental temperature; however, the degree of plasticity is insufficient to account for geographic variation. Thus, the geographic variation results largely from genetic variation. Number of trunk vertebrae covaries with body size and shape in diverse vertebrate taxa, including Batrachoseps. I hypothesize that selection for different degrees of elongation, possibly related to fossoriality, has led to the extensive evolution of number of trunk vertebrae in Batrachoseps. Analysis of intrapopulational variation revealed sexual dimorphism in both body shape and number of trunk vertebrae, but no correlation between these variables in either sex. Females are more elongate than males, a pattern that has been attributed to fecundity selection in other taxa. Patterns of covariation among different classes of vertebrae suggest that some intrapopulational variation in number results from changes in vertebral identity rather than changes in segmentation.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 59%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF NUMBER OF TRUNK VERTEBRAE IN SLENDER SALAMANDERS, BATRACHOSEPS (CAUDATA: PLETHODONTIDAE)

Jockusch

1997

Evolution

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“…Salamander trunk vertebral counts can be both positively (Lindsey, 1966, for Ambystoma;Jockusch, 1997, for Batrachoseps) and negatively (Peabody and Brodie, 1975, for Ambystoma) affected by embryonic developmental temperature. Although embryonic temperatures were not controlled in our (Worthington and Wake, 1972), Hemidactylium scutatum (Wake, 1966;Vaglia et al, 1997), and Desmognathus species (Wake, 1966).…”

Section: Regional Vertebral Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caudal vertebral development and morphology in three salamanders with complex life cycles (Ambystoma jeffersonianum,Hemidactylium scutatum, andDesmognathus ocoee)

Babcock

Blais

2001

J. Morphol.

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“…Although environmental variation is well known to affect meristic traits in ectothermic vertebrates (counts, such as number of vertebrae or fin rays; Fox et al 1961;Lindsey 1966;Fowler 1970;Peabody and Brodie 1975;Osgood 1978;Jockusch 1997), we are aware of only one example in which environmental manipulation of development rate per se might have affected size-independent metric shape for a skeletal trait. Juvenile tree frogs raised at different food levels did not differ in leg length at a common larger size, but did differ in head width (Blouin and Loeb 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of temperature-induced variation in anuran larval growth rate on head width and leg length at metamorphosis

Blouin

Brown

2000

Oecologia

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We tested whether temperature-induced variation in the growth rate of Rana cascadae tadpoles caused any variation in head width or leg length at metamorphosis, independent of the effects of temperature on body size. Body-size-adjusted head width appears to be insensitive to even large variations in tadpole growth rate. This result mirrors previous observations on the effects of variation in food level and temperature on metric shape in frogs and other ectothermic vertebrates. Leg length, on the other hand, showed a small but statistically significant response to the temperature treatment. Fast-growing tadpoles attained slightly longer legs than slowly growing tadpoles at a common metamorphic body size. This example is the first to show that variation in growth rate per se can influence metric shape (i.e., the rate at which individuals reach a common body size determines their shape at that size). Nevertheless, the induced effects were small, and our results taken together with those of previous studies suggest that environmentally induced variation in growth rate is not a major source of variation in metric shape of skeletal characters in ectothermic vertebrates.

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Effect of Temperature, Salinity and Photoperiod on the Number of Trunk Vertebrae in Ambystoma maculatum

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF NUMBER OF TRUNK VERTEBRAE IN SLENDER SALAMANDERS, BATRACHOSEPS (CAUDATA: PLETHODONTIDAE)

GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY OF NUMBER OF TRUNK VERTEBRAE IN SLENDER SALAMANDERS, BATRACHOSEPS (CAUDATA: PLETHODONTIDAE)

Caudal vertebral development and morphology in three salamanders with complex life cycles (Ambystoma jeffersonianum,Hemidactylium scutatum, andDesmognathus ocoee)

Effects of temperature-induced variation in anuran larval growth rate on head width and leg length at metamorphosis

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