Effect of temperature on the anaphylactic reaction

Abstract

The effect of temperature on the antigen-antibody reaction in vitro has been investigated by Mayer & Heidelberger (1942), but no corresponding measurements seem to be available for the anaphylactic reaction. One of us (Schild, 1939) has observed that histamine release in anaphylaxis is greatly reduced at room temperature. In the present experiments this phenomenon was further investigated, and it was found that the anaphylactic histamine release is inhibited by both high and low temperatures. Temperatures which are only slightly above body temperature and which do not affect the viability of cells were found to produce a persistent inhibition of anaphylaxis, which is due to inactivation not of antibody but of some tissue constituent required for the anaphylactic reaction. The effect of temperature on the action of histamine liberators has also been studied. Some of these experiments have already been described (Mongar & Schild, 1955). METHODSHistamine release was measured as described in the preceding paper (Mongar & Schild, 1957).The temperature was controlled by keeping a stoppered 10 ml. beaker containing 1 ml. Tyrode solution and 0-2 ml. tissue in a water-bath which was thermostatically controlled to within 0.10 C. In order to study the effect of pH on heat inactivation, 0-1 ml. samples of lung tissue were immersed in 5 ml. Tyrode solution, buffered by adding 1 ml. of isotonic sodium phosphate solution of varying pH: the resultant pH was determined with a glass electrode. These samples were heated to 42.50 C for 25 min, neutralized with 0-2 N-NaOH or HCI and the antigen was thus added at 370 C.In some experiments complement was measured by its effect in producing haemolysis of sheep erythrocytes, as follows. The time was determined for lysis after adding varying amounts of complement-containing guinea-pig serum to the suspension of sensitized red cells. A standard curve was established by plotting time of lysis against concentration of complement. The concentration of complement in heated serum was determined by reference to this.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE British Pharmacological Society

“…However, preincubation at 43.10C or 44.90C caused a significant reduction and block of histamine release, respectively. A similar relationship has been demonstrated for anaphylactic histamine release (Mongar & Schild, 1957).…”

“…Maximal histamine release induced by A23187 was achieved between 33-39°C and the release declined above and below this temperature range. Essentially the same effect of temperature on anaphylactic histamine release from guinea pig lung and antigen induced mast cell disruption was reported by Schild (1957) andHogberg &Uvnas (1960).…”

“…We conclude that atropine in a low concentration blocks prejunctional muscarinic receptors; at higher concentrations it blocks in addition prejunctional aadrenoceptors. Anaphylactic histamine release from guinea pig lung and disruption of rat mast cell due to antigen is dependent on temperature (Mongar & Schild, 1957;Hogberg & Uvnas, 1960), and on oxidative or glycolytic metabolism (Parrot, 1942;Moussatche & Prouvost-Danon, 1962). The amount of histamine released by the antigen-antibody reaction in vitro was dependent on mast cell ATP content and during the release there was an increased utilization of ATP (Johansen & Chakravarty, 1975).…”

IGE AND IGGA ANTIBODY-MEDIATED RELEASE OF HISTAMINE FROM RAT PERITONEAL CELLS

“…Furthermore, rewarming of such tissues after a suitable interval also does not lead to the release of histamine, even after the introduction of additional antigen (8,9). Rat peritoneal cells were exposed to an IgGa anti-DNP antibody fraction and antigen at 0°C for various intervals and were then rewarmed and held at 30°C for 30 rain.…”

Antigenic Properties of Purified Fractions From Ascaris Lumbricoides Var. Suum on Naturally Sensitized Guinea‐pig

“…Mongar & Schild (1957) showed that previous heating at 450 C of guinea-pig tissues inhibited the anaphylactic reaction in vitro. When anaphylatoxin was used, however, this effect was not observed (Mota, 1959).…”