Effect of temperature on the frictional behavior of smectite and illite

Abstract

We performed high-temperature friction experiments to investigate the effect of temperature on the frictional behavior of smectite and illite. Friction coefficients (μ) of these clay minerals increase with increasing temperature as a result of dehydration of absorbed and interstitial water. At a constant normal stress of 60 MPa, μ of Ca-smectite gouge increases from 0.27 at room temperature to 0.67 at 200°C, and μ of illite gouge increase from 0.53 at room temperature to 0.68 at 200°C. Velocity dependence of steady-state friction for smectite and illite gouges changes with temperature so that the transition from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening behavior occurs at 150°C at a normal stress of 60 MPa. Temperature at which this change takes place corresponds to the temperature at the updip limit of the seismogenic zone along subducting plates. Thus, the effect of temperature on the frictional behavior of these clay minerals possibly play an important role in controlling the updip limit of subduction thrust earthquakes.

Effects of humidity and interlayer cations on the frictional strength of montmorillonite

“…The friction coefficients for Ca-smectite (µ = 0.59 at 100 °C and 0.46 at room temperature) determined by Kubo and Katayama (2015) at a normal stress of 15 MPa are higher than our coefficients for cation-exchanged Ca-montmorillonite at a low relative humidity. These relatively high friction coefficients are due to differences in sample impurities, because the frictional strength of fault materials is sensitive to montmorillonite content (e.g., Tembe et al 2010), and the samples of Kubo and Katayama (2015) contained up to 20% quartz, chalcedony, and cristobalite (Fujita et al 2011).…”

“…These relatively high friction coefficients are due to differences in sample impurities, because the frictional strength of fault materials is sensitive to montmorillonite content (e.g., Tembe et al 2010), and the samples of Kubo and Katayama (2015) contained up to 20% quartz, chalcedony, and cristobalite (Fujita et al 2011). Carpenter et al (2016 carried out frictional experiments on Camontmorillonite at relative humidity of 100% by placing samples in a sealed chamber with a solution of sodium Fig.…”

“…Previous studies have indicated that montmorillonite (a common type of smectite) is important in controlling fault strength, due to its extremely low friction coefficient (Summers and Byerlee 1977a;Byerlee 1978;Shimamoto and Logan 1981). However, laboratory experiments on montmorillonite have yielded highly scattered friction coefficient data depending on the physical and chemical conditions, including hydration state (Summers and Byerlee 1977b;Bird 1984;Morrow et al 1992Morrow et al , 2000Morrow et al , 2017Brown et al 2003;Ikari et al 2007;Faulkner et al 2011;Behnsen and Faulkner 2012;Bullock et al 2015), shearing velocity (Logan and Rauenzahn 1987;Saffer et al 2001;Brown et al 2003;Saffer and Marone 2003;Moore and Lockner 2007;Tembe et al 2010;Faulkner et al 2011;Behnsen and Faulkner 2013;Kubo and Katayama 2015;Oohashi et al 2015;Bullock et al 2015;Morrow et al 2017), clay content (Lupini et al 1981;Shimamoto and Logan 1981;Logan and Rauenzahn 1987;Brown et al 2003;Ikari et al 2007;Takahashi et al 2007;Tembe et al 2010;Oohashi et al 2015), interlayer cations (Müller-Vonmoos and Løken 1989;Behnsen and Faulkner 2013), and temperature (Kubo and Katayama 2015).…”

First‐principles Investigation of Frictional Characteristics of Brucite: An Application to Its Macroscopic Frictional Characteristics

“…Because the friction coefficients of sheet‐structure minerals depend on the mineral species (Behnsen & Faulkner, ; Moore & Lockner, ; Morrow et al, ), the difference in mineral species is considered to affect the fault behavior. For example, the smectite‐illite transition was hypothesized to control the updip limit of the seismogenic zone in subduction zones (Hyndman et al, ; Kubo & Katayama, ; Saffer & Marone, ). Hence, the accurate investigation of the individual friction coefficients of sheet‐structure minerals is important because a variety of mineral species of sheet‐structure minerals with different crystal structures and compositions have been found in natural faults, and show a range of frictional characteristics.…”

Изменение Строения Поверхности Гетерогенного Тела (Диорита) При Трении

“…По-видимому, молекулы воды всту-пают в химическую реакцию с продуктами разрушения кристаллических решеток кварца и плагиоклаза [22][23][24][25][26]. В результате на поверхности образуется насыщенная во-дой слюда -иллит, что приводит к резкому (в ∼ 3 раза) уменьшению коэффициента трения [34][35][36]. Это показы-вает, что явление образования на поверхности трения нового минерала с низким коэффициентом трения су-ществует не только в природе, но воспроизводится и в лаборатории.…”