Effect of temperature on carbon nanotube diameter and bundle arrangement: Microscopic and macroscopic analysis

Hinkov, Ivaylo; Grand, Johan; Chapelle, Marc Lamy de la; Farhat, S.; Scott, Clayton; Nikolaev, Pavel; Pichot, Vincent; Launois, Pascale; Mevellec, Jean‐Yves; Lefrant, S.

doi:10.1063/1.1638620

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although the mechanism of the formation and growth of SWNTs in an arc discharge was studied for a decade, location of the region in arc discharge in which SWNT synthesis occurs and the temperature range favourable for SWNT growth remains unclear. According to some authors [29,50] the nanotube formation occurs on the periphery of an arc column at a moderate temperature range 1200-1800 K while other studies suggested that the cathode sheath adjacent to the hot arc column (∼5000 K) is the arc region where the nanotube growth occurs [63][64][65]. Recall that in the cathode sheath region, the temperature might be well above the reported critical temperatures of thermal stability of the nanotubes.…”

Section: Why It Is Difficult To Control the Synthesis ?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc plasma synthesis of carbon nanostructures: where is the frontier?

Keidar¹,

Shashurin²,

Li³

et al. 2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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In this perspective paper, we critically analyse the state-of-the-art of arc discharge technique of carbon nanoparticle synthesis. We discuss improving controllability of the arc discharge synthesis of carbon nanotubes, synthesis of graphene as well as general understanding of the synthesis process. Fundamental issues related to relationship between plasma parameters and carbon nanostructure characteristics are considered. Effects of electrical and magnetic fields applied during single-wall carbon nanotube synthesis in arc plasma are explored. Finally our personal opinion on what future trends will be in arc discharge synthesis is offered.

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Section: Why It Is Difficult To Control the Synthesis ?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arc plasma synthesis of carbon nanostructures: where is the frontier?

Keidar¹,

Shashurin²,

Li³

et al. 2011

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…According to previous work, 30,45 the nanotube formation occurs on the periphery of an arc column at a moderate temperature range of 1200-1800 K. Other studies suggested that it is the cathode sheath adjacent to hot arc column ͑ϳ5000 K͒ is the arc region where the nanotube growth occurs. [45][46][47][48] Recall that in the cathode sheath region, the temperature might be well above the reported critical temperatures of thermal stability of the nanotubes. In this respect, a question about possible carbon nanotube growth in cathode sheath region remains open.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Mechanism of carbon nanostructure synthesis in arc plasma

et al. 2010

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Plasma enhanced techniques are widely used for synthesis of carbon nanostructures. The primary focus of this paper is to summarize recent experimental and theoretical advances in understanding of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) synthesis mechanism in arcs, and to describe methods of controlling arc plasma parameters. Fundamental issues related to synthesis of SWNTs, which is a relationship between plasma parameters and SWNT characteristics are considered. It is shown that characteristics of synthesized SWNTs can be altered by varying plasma parameters. Effects of electrical and magnetic fields applied during SWNT synthesis in arc plasma are explored. Magnetic field has a profound effect on the diameter, chirality, and length of a SWNT synthesized in the arc plasma. An average length of SWNT increases by a factor of 2 in discharge with magnetic field and an amount of long nanotubes with the length above 5 μm also increases in comparison with that observed in the discharge without a magnetic field. In addition, synthesis of a few-layer graphene in a magnetic field presence is discovered. A coupled model of plasma-electrode phenomena in atmospheric-pressure anodic arc in helium is described. Calculations indicate that substantial fraction of the current at the cathode is conducted by ions (0.7–0.9 of the total current). It is shown that nonmonotonic behavior of the arc current-voltage characteristic can be reproduced taking into account the experimentally observed dependence of the arc radius on arc current.

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“…The chirality and architecture of CNTs are very sensitive to the conditions of preparations. However, most of these methods are relatively expensive with low yield, necessitating bulk handling systems to produce sizeable quantity of CNTs [5][6][7]. In addition to the low cost and high yield, high purity and consistent size are some of the important quality requirements which are essential for wide scale proliferation of CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient and inexpensive method for the production of multi-wall carbon nano tubes by the thermal plasma route

Gumaste

Singh

Mukherjee

et al. 2009

Trans Indian Inst Met

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An extended argon arc plasma reactor has been utilised for efficiently producing multi-walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNT) with an inexpensive raw material such as the calcined petroleum coke. In this investigation, CPC powder was dry mixed with 2.5 wt %, Ni catalyst in a ball mill and the resulting homogeneous raw material mixture was heat treated in a graphite crucible in a vacuum argon arc plasma reactor for the duration of 30 minutes. It was noted that carbon nano tubes (CNTs) were deposited on a relatively cooler portion of the plasma reactor, with a yield of 15 wt %, with respect to the total weight of the charge. The extensive characterization of the carbon nano-tubes was carried out through micro-Raman, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The XRD studies on the CNTs, produced by the above method showed 100% peak at d 002 value of 3.39 Å and other peaks of 4-H graphite. The d-band and g-band reflections observed in the Raman spectrum of CNTs also showed graphite as a major and cubic diamond as a minor phase. The TEM studies on the plasma processed and purified CNTs, showed aspect ratio of 15 to 16 and an average diameter of 3.4 nm.

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Effect of temperature on carbon nanotube diameter and bundle arrangement: Microscopic and macroscopic analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Arc plasma synthesis of carbon nanostructures: where is the frontier?

Arc plasma synthesis of carbon nanostructures: where is the frontier?

Mechanism of carbon nanostructure synthesis in arc plasma

An efficient and inexpensive method for the production of multi-wall carbon nano tubes by the thermal plasma route

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