Effect of Temperature on Antimony Leaching from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) into Bottled Water

Al-Khatim, Al-Ser A. Al-Khatim Al-Ser A.

doi:10.4197/met.28-1.10

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The increase in levels of Antimony could be attributed to effects of pH, temperature and UV radiation (Fig. 2) from the sun, supported by experiments from (Al-Khatim et al, 2019;Chapa-Martínez et al, 2016;Dogan and Cebi, 2019;Zmit and Belhaneche-Bensemra, 2019) which identified the significance of pH, temperature and days of exposure in the amount of Antimony leached into bottled water. The high level of the Antimony values can also be attributed to the type of plastics used by the different brands as identified by (Koyuncu and Alwazeer, 2019) who suspected reason for high Antimony levels in milk contained in PET bottles results from type and production processes employed in making containers.…”

Section: Antimonymentioning

confidence: 72%

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Evaluation of Changes in Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Bottled Water Exposed to Sunlight in Bauchi, Nigeria

Daffi¹,

Wamyil²

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. It is common for bottled water and other assorted drinks to be seen displayed outside stores and in the sun in most parts of Nigeria. The country is mostly hot year-round and over the course of the year temperatures can rise to as high as 40 °C around March–April in the study area. The leaching effect of chemicals from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled water was investigated for five (5) commercially available bottled water brands. Temperature, pH, Antimony, Bisphenol A and Nitrate levels were measured on day zero, 14 and 28 for control samples and samples exposed to direct sunlight, using destructive sampling technique. The study found that pH for brands B and D were lower than the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) regulations at day zero. The control sample for Brand A maintained pH within the guideline values for 0–28 days while all Brands exposed to sunlight for 14 and 28 days had lower values than specified. Antimony was not detected in brands A, B and E in the baseline measurement at day zero while brands C and D had low values; after 28 days all the control samples still had Antimony levels within the US EPA standard. Meanwhile all the samples exposed to sunlight exceeded US EPA standard levels at 14 and 28days except brand A which was within limit at 14 days with value of 4.59 µg/L. All control and exposed samples were below the European Union Drinking Water Directive (EU DWD) total daily intake (TDI) of Bisphenol A (0.05 mg/kg body weight/day). Values obtained for Nitrate showed that all control samples did not exceed the US EPA guideline level for Nitrates in drinking water for 0, 14 ad 28 days while three (3) of the samples, Brands C, D and E, exceeded the guideline level at 28 days. Expose of bottled water to sunlight was seen to impair the quality of the water for consumption. It is recommended that regulators and practitioners drive implementation of proper storage/retailing of bottled water products and improve legislation on manufacture of plastics for food contact products.

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Section: Antimonymentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Leaching of chemicals from PET bottles have been investigated by (Abboudi et al, 2018;Al-Khatim et al, 2019;Zmit and Belhaneche-Bensemra, 2019). This study found that for each of the parameters the following conclusions apply:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of Changes in Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Bottled Water Exposed to Sunlight in Bauchi, Nigeria

Daffi¹,

Wamyil²

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The increase in the levels of antimony could be attributed to the effects of pH, temperature, and UV radiation (Fig. 2) from the Sun, supported by researchers who identified the significance of pH, temperature, and days of exposure in the amount of Antimony leached into bottled water (Al-Khatim et al, 2019;Chapa-Martínez et al, 2016;Dogan and Cebi, 2019;Zmit and Belhaneche-Bensemra, 2019). The high level of the antimony values can also be attributed to the type of plastics used by the different brands as identified by Koyuncu and Alwazeer (2019), who suspected that the reason for the high antimony levels in milk contained in PET bottles results from the type and production processes employed in making containers.…”

Section: Antimonymentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Leaching of chemicals from PET bottles has been investigated in the literature (Abboudi et al, 2018;Al-Khatim et al, 2019;Zmit and Belhaneche-Bensemra, 2019). This study found that, for each of the parameters, the following conclusions apply:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of changes in some physico-chemical properties of bottled water exposed to sunlight in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Daffi

Wamyil

2021

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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Abstract. It is common for bottled water and other assorted drinks to be seen displayed outside stores and in the sun in most parts of Nigeria. The country is mostly hot year-round, and over the course of the year, temperatures can rise to as high as 40 ∘C around March–April in the study area. The leaching effect of chemicals from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottled water was investigated for five commercially available bottled water brands. Temperature, pH, antimony, bisphenol A (BPA), and nitrate levels were measured on days 0, 14, and 28 for control samples and samples exposed to direct sunlight, using destructive sampling technique. Antimony was not detected in brands A, B, and E in the baseline measurement at day 0, while brands C and D had low values; after 28 d all the control samples still had antimony levels within the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) standard. Meanwhile, all the samples exposed to sunlight exceeded US EPA standard levels at 14 and 28 d, except brand A which was within limit at 14 d with value of 4.59 µg L−1. All control and exposed samples were below the European Union Drinking Water Directive (EU DWD) total daily intake (TDI) of BPA (0.05 mg per kilogram of body weight)−1 d−1. Values obtained for nitrate showed that all control samples did not exceed the US EPA guideline level for nitrates in drinking water for days 0, 14, and 28, while three of the samples, i.e. brands C, D, and E, exceeded the guideline level at day 28. Exposure of bottled water to sunlight was seen to impair the quality of the water for consumption.

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Effect of Temperature on Antimony Leaching from Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) into Bottled Water

Cited by 2 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of Changes in Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Bottled Water Exposed to Sunlight in Bauchi, Nigeria

Evaluation of Changes in Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Bottled Water Exposed to Sunlight in Bauchi, Nigeria

Evaluation of changes in some physico-chemical properties of bottled water exposed to sunlight in Bauchi State, Nigeria

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