Effect of Temperature and Photoperiod on Sorghum Resistance to Biotype C and E Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Thindwa, Harriet P.; Teetes, G. L.

doi:10.1093/jee/87.5.1366

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Only at the warmest temperature regime of 22Ð35ЊC did fecundity differ signiÞcantly between the greenbug biotypes, with 1.8 times more nymphs produced by biotype E than by biotype I greenbugs. The effect of temperature on fecundity was similar to that reported by Michels and Behle (1989) and Thindwa and Teetes (1994) who found more nymphs produced at cooler than warmer temperatures. Greenbugs produced nymphs for a longer period at cooler than warmer temperatures, but produced more nymphs per day at warmer than cooler temperatures.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Starks et al (1973) found that few biotype B greenbugs survived at temperatures of 26.7Ð32.2ЊC, but these temperatures did not kill biotype C greenbugs. Thindwa and Teetes (1994) found that greenbug biotypes C and E on sorghum produced most nymphs at 26ЊC and fewest at 30ЊC. Michels and Behle (1989) reported greenbugs on wheat produced more nymphs at cooler temperatures.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Biotype and Temperature on Fitness of Greenbug (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Sorghum

Pendleton

Copeland

Michels³

2009

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The greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major aphid pest of small grains and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Greenbugs extract juice and inject toxin, killing seedlings or limiting the yield of older plants. Understanding greenbug biology and how biotypes develop is important for evaluating and developing sorghum with durable resistance. Prereproductive period, fecundity, and longevity of greenbug biotypes E and I were assessed on susceptible 'RTx430' sorghum at four cycling temperatures of 10-23, 14-27, 18-31, and 22-35 degrees C in an incubator. A photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h corresponded with daily warm and cool temperatures. Greenbug fitness was more affected by temperature than biotype. Greenbug prereproductive period, total fecundity, and longevity did not differ among temperature regimes except at the warmest regime (22-35 degrees C), at which all parameters were greater for biotype E than biotype I. The prereproductive period of greenbug biotypes E and I combined was more than twice as long at the coolest temperature of 10-23 degrees C as at 22-35 degrees C. Greenbugs produced a maximum average of 3.3 more nymphs per day at warmer than cooler temperature regimes. Average total fecundity was greatest at 10-23 degrees C, with fewest nymphs being produced at 22-35 degrees C. Longevity of greenbug biotypes E and I combined was 6 times longer at 10-23 degrees C than at 22-35 degrees C. This study provides information on optimal temperatures under which to evaluate damage to sorghum being developed for resistance to different biotypes ofgreenbug.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Biotype and Temperature on Fitness of Greenbug (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Sorghum

Pendleton

Copeland

Michels³

2009

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“…Both high and low temperatures can alter the expression of resistance in plants to insect pests. Another study using sorghum found that resistance expression against the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) was stronger at higher than at lower temperatures (Schweissing and Wilde, 1978;Thindwa and Teetes, 1994;Wood and Starks, 1972). When these genotypes were planted on dates that resulted in lower temperatures during grain development, resistance expression was reduced.…”

Section: Stability Of Soybean Aphid Resistance In Soybean Across Diffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Soybean Aphid Resistance in Soybean Across Different Temperatures

2014

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The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is the most important insect pest posing a threat to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain production in the United States. Soybean cultivars with resistance are currently being deployed to aid in management of the pest. Temperature has been reported to influence the expression of host plant resistance against crop pests. The objective of this study was to determine if temperatures, 14, 21, and 28°C, altered resistance expression in four aphid‐resistant soybean genotypes, LD05‐16611 (with the Rag1 resistance gene), PI 200538 (Rag2), PI 567541B (rag1c, rag4), and PI 567597C (antixenosis) compared to a susceptible soybean genotype (Williams 82) when challenged with soybean aphid. A replicated no‐choice experiment was conducted and aphid populations of the three soybean aphid biotypes, 1, 2, and 3, were enumerated 14 d after inoculating the five soybean genotypes. Significant interactions were found in the analysis of the effects of temperature, soybean genotype, and aphid biotype on aphid populations. Responses between soybean genotypes and aphid biotypes were consistent with previous reports with the exception of PI 567541B, which had lower resistance against aphid biotype 1 than found in an earlier study. At 14°C, there was limited aphid population growth on all soybean genotypes, including Williams 82. At 21 and 28°C, resistance expression was stable in LD05‐16611 (Rag1), PI 567541B (rag1c, rag4), and PI 567597C (antixenosis), relative to susceptible Williams 82; however, resistance expressed in PI 200538 (Rag2) was significantly stronger at 28°C than at 21°C, as indicated by differences in aphid population size that were found. Results of this study indicated that soybean aphid virulence variability had a stronger influence on the effectiveness of soybean aphid resistance than did temperature, and that the aphid resistance tested in this study would remain stable or be stronger in temperatures ranging between 21 and 28°C.

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“…Published data on the influence of temper ature on the viability of S. graminum biotypes different in their virulence to various crops are rather scant (Wood and Starks, 1972;Starks, Wood, and Teetes, 1973;Thindwa and Teetes, 1994;Pendleton, Cope land, and Michels, 2009) We studied the effect of different temperatures in combination with two photoperiodicity regimes on the fecundity of S. graminum using clones collected during different periods of host plant vegetative development. Two way ANOVA for uneven samples has shown that the dates of insect collection have no effect on their fecundity, while the effects of temperature and photo period were statistically significant (F act = 25.23, P < 0.01).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term seasonal polymorphism of the Krasnodar greenbug population for virulence to sorghum varieties carrying different resistance genes

2012

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The genetic structure of the Krasnodar population of the greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Ron dani) was analyzed in 2002 to 2010. A high level of general and seasonal polymorphism for the insect virulence to different sorghum accessions was revealed. Abiotic factors were shown to play an important role in the sea sonal variation of the frequencies of virulence phenotypes: they can alter the relative competitiveness of greenbug clones, and, therefore, changes in environmental conditions lead to differential selection in the S. graminum population.

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Effect of Temperature and Photoperiod on Sorghum Resistance to Biotype C and E Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Biotype and Temperature on Fitness of Greenbug (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Sorghum

Effect of Biotype and Temperature on Fitness of Greenbug (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Sorghum

Stability of Soybean Aphid Resistance in Soybean Across Different Temperatures

Long-term seasonal polymorphism of the Krasnodar greenbug population for virulence to sorghum varieties carrying different resistance genes

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