Effect of Temperature and PFD on the Susceptibility of Leaves to Photoinhibition and Recovery

Greer, Dennis H.; Laing, William A.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0511-5_306

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These widely observed phenomena are variously described as chilling damage sensitized by light or as photoinhibition which is most pronounced at low temperatures. The results presented in this paper, as also indicated for higher plants (Greer and Laing 1989) demonstrate that, over a wide range of temperatures and light levels, chilling damage and photoinhibition represent alternative descriptions of the same phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Rapid turnover of a component required for photosynthesis explains temperature dependence and kinetics of photoinhibition in a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus 6301

Wünschmann

Brand

1992

Planta

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Illumination of a liquid culture of Synechococcus 6301 at high photon flux density (PFD) elicits a time-dependent first-order exponential decline in relative quantum yield of photosynthetic O2 evolution to some steady-state value. Full photosynthetic activity is restored, also as a time-dependent first-order process, when the photoinhibited culture is transferred to lower PFD. Temperature and irradiation dependence of photoinhibition were measured under conditions which precluded simultaneous recovery from photoinhibition. Also the temperature and irradiation dependence of recovery from photoinhibition were determined under conditions which precluded simultaneous photoinhibition. Kinetics of photoinhibition were sensitive to PFD but relatively independent of temperature. Kinetics of recovery saturated at low PFD but were very temperature dependent at all PFDs. A general equation can be written to predict the change in photosynthetic activity versus time when a cell culture is placed at photoinhibitory PFD, assuming that first-order exponential photoinhibition and first-order exponential recovery from photoinhibition occur simultaneously. The equation can be made specific if the values of the kinetic constant for photoinhibition and for recovery from photoinhibition are known for the particular environmental conditions to which the cells are exposed. These values can be obtained by independently measuring the kinetics of photoinhibition without simultaneous recovery and the kinetics of recovery without simultaneous photoinhibition. The curve of photosynthetic activity versus time for cells placed at high PFD, which is predicted by this equation, precisely fits the experimentally determined kinetics of photoinhibition. This correlation remains valid over a wide range of temperatures and PFDs. Identical results were obtained with the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus 7002. We conclude that the extent of net photoinhibition over a broad range of conditions represents a sum of individual rates of simultaneous photoinhibition and recovery from photoinhibition. The results support previous proposals that a protein required for photosystem II activity becomes functionally depleted during photoinhibition because protein synthesis or assembly into the membranes cannot keep up with the rate of its inactivation at excessively high PFDs. We also conclude that photoinhibition and light-dependent chilling sensitivity are manifestations of the same phenomenon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Rapid turnover of a component required for photosynthesis explains temperature dependence and kinetics of photoinhibition in a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus 6301

Wünschmann

Brand

1992

Planta

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“…This phenomenon, referred to as photoinhibition (14,19,23) atoms of the oxygen-evolving complex (22, 27), denaturation of certain functional proteins (27), and the lateral phaseseparation of the nonbilayer-forming galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol of thylakoid membranes (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Function of Photosynthetic Apparatus of Intact Wheat Leaves under High Light and Heat Stress and Its Relationship with Peroxidation of Thylakoid Lipids

Mishra¹,

Singhal²

1992

Plant Physiol.

147

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Effects of high light and temperature stress on the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were studied. There was a decrease in the electron transport activity of chloroplasts isolated from photoinhibited and heat-stressed leaves. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured in photoinhibited and heat-stressed leaves and the decrease in variable fluorescence and variable to maximum fluorescence ratio of the stressed leaves indicated a loss in the quantum yield of photosynthesis. The decrease in electron transport activity was accompanied by an increase in peroxidation of thylakoid lipids. Lipid peroxidation indicated the oxidative degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acyl residues of the thylakoid lipids. A negative correlation was observed between electron transport activity and lipid peroxidation. The electron transport activity was completely lost as the peroxidation level reached a threshold equivalent to 0.6 micromoles malondialdehyde. The threshold of lipid peroxidation for complete loss of activity was the same for both photoinhibition and heat treatment, suggesting that the nature of the environmental stress may be less important with respect to the relationship between electron transport and lipid peroxidation. Thus, it seems likely that lipids are required for sustaining the photosynthetic activity under environmental stress, and a loss in activity is observed as the lipids are degraded either by high light or high temperature stress.The photosynthetic activity of an organism can be severely reduced after exposure to light intensity in excess of that required to saturate photosynthesis. This phenomenon, referred to as photoinhibition (14,19,23) atoms of the oxygen-evolving complex (22, 27), denaturation of certain functional proteins (27), and the lateral phaseseparation of the nonbilayer-forming galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol of thylakoid membranes (13).Although a number of studies have been performed on thylakoid lipids, their exact functional role still remains unclear, probably because lipids, unlike proteins, do not exhibit any catalytic property (17,24). The lipids are, however, thought to allow the maintenance of appropriate protein conformation that may be required for the optimal chloroplast functioning. In the present paper, we have attempted to characterize the nature and the extent of damage to the photosynthetic electron transport chain in chloroplasts isolated from stressed leaves and correlate them with the peroxidative degradation of the fatty acyl residues of thylakoid lipids. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialWheat seeds (Triticum aestivum var HD-2329, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi) were surface-sterilized with 0.1% HgC12 solution. They were germinated on moist filter paper in dark at 25°C for 48 h. After germination, the seedlings were transferred to a plant growth chamber maintained at 25°C and grown there under 14/10 h light-dark cycles. Light intensity during growth of the seedlings was 75 W_ m-2. The ...

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“…Furthermore, these two factors interact. Photoinhibition at higher tern-peratures depends more strongly on photon flux densities (PFD) than at lower temperatures (Greer and Laing 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in intact kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) leaves: Changes in susceptibility to photoinhibition and recovery during the growth season

Greer¹,

Laing²

1992

Planta

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Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson) plants grown in an outdoor enclosure were exposed to the natural conditions of temperature and photon flux density (PFD) over the growing season (October to May). Temperatures ranged from 14 to 21° C while the mean monthly maximum PFD varied from 1000 to 1700 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1), although the peak PFDs exceeded 2100 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1). At intervals, the daily variation in chlorophyll fluorescence at 692 nm and 77K and the photon yield of O2 evolution in attached leaves was monitored. Similarly, the susceptibility of intact leaves to a standard photoinhibitory treatment of 20° C and a PFD of 2000 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1) and the ability to recover at 25° C and 20 μmol · m(-2) · s(-2) was followed through the season. On a few occasions, plants were transferred either to or from a shade enclosure to assess the suceptibility to natural photoinhibition and the capacity for recovery. There were minor though significant changes in early-morning fluorescence emission and photon yield throughout the growing season. The initial fluorescence, Fo, and the maximum fluorescence, Fm, were, however, significantly and persistently different from that in shade-grown kiwifruit leaves, indicative of chronic photoinhibition occurring in the sun leaves. In spring and autumn, kiwifruit leaves were photoinhibited through the day whereas in summer, when the PFDs were highest, no photoinhibition occurred. However, there was apparently no non-radiative energy dissipation occurring then also, indicating that the kiwifruit leaves appeared to fully utilize the available excitation energy. Nevertheless, the propensity for kiwifruit leaves to be susceptible to photoinhibition remained high throughout the season. The cause of a discrepancy between the severe photoinhibition under controlled conditions and the lack of photoinhibition under comparable, natural conditions remains uncertain. Recovery from photoinhibition, by contrast, varied over the season and was maximal in summer and declined markedly in autumn. Transfer of shade-grown plants to full sun had a catastrophic effect on the fluorescence characteristics of the leaf and photon yield. Within 3 d the variable fluorescence, Fv, and the photon yield were reduced by 80 and 40%, respectively, and this effect persisted for at least 20 d. The restoration of fluorescence characteristics on transfer of sun leaves to shade, however, was very slow and not complete within 15 d.

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Effect of Temperature and PFD on the Susceptibility of Leaves to Photoinhibition and Recovery

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Rapid turnover of a component required for photosynthesis explains temperature dependence and kinetics of photoinhibition in a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus 6301

Rapid turnover of a component required for photosynthesis explains temperature dependence and kinetics of photoinhibition in a cyanobacterium, Synechococcus 6301

Function of Photosynthetic Apparatus of Intact Wheat Leaves under High Light and Heat Stress and Its Relationship with Peroxidation of Thylakoid Lipids

Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in intact kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) leaves: Changes in susceptibility to photoinhibition and recovery during the growth season

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