Effect of Temperature and Nitrogen Supply on the Growth of Perennial Ryegrass and White Clover. 2. A Comparison of Monocultures and Mixed Swards

Davidson, I. A.; Robson, Matthew J.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087154

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In contrast, on stands rich in nitrogen, grass components are dominant. Davidson and Robson (1986) explain it partly as a higher effectiveness of nitrogen uptake from soil compared to combined uptake from soil and fixation. In our experiment, the clover abundance in mixtures was higher in the CULTAN treatments than at conventionally fertilized plots.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of surface and injection fertilization on various grass hybrids in grass-clover mixture

Kozlovský¹,

Balík²,

Cerny³

et al. 2010

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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557Grass-clover mixtures combine the advantages of both their components; their yield usually exceeds those of the components grown in monocultures (Annicchiarico and Tomasoni 2010). Moreover, the production of dry matter throughout the year is balanced; grasses yield more in spring whereas clover crops produce more dry matter in summer (Mooso and Wedin 1990). Clover crops have a higher content of protein than grass (Evans et al. 1996, Gökkus et al. 1999); yet, their duration in the mixture is lower as compared to grass (Hejduk and Knot 2010). More erect leaves of grasses and horizontal leaves of clover crops minimize any interspecific competition (Lantinga et al. 1999).Another advantage of grass-clover mixture is a possibility of lower input of nitrogen fertilizer due to atmospheric nitrogen fixation by root-nodule bacteria at the roots of clover crops (Erkovan et al. 2008); yet, to obtain the maximum yield of dry matter, it is necessary to fertilize the grass-clover stands with nitrogen. At the conventional surface application of nitrogen fertilizers, the plants, both grass and clover, take up nitrogen mainly in the nitrate form. At the same time, clover, similar to other legumes fertilized with mineral nitrogen, produces nodules as a prerequisite of N 2 fixation. Nodule formation and therefore N 2 fixation may be reduced when N is supplied as mineral ferti- ABSTRACTIn a small-plot trial, grass hybrids Perseus (loloid) and Felina (festucoid) were compared in a mixture with red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and their reactions to surface application of nitrogen fertilizers or injection into soil according to CULTAN method were investigated. Both fertilizer application methods were used with three levels of nitrogen. Mixtures containing the Felina hybrid had higher yields (12.1 t/ha) compared to the Perseus hybrid (11.0 t/ha), and they also showed higher clover abundance. Increasing dosage of nitrogen resulted in slightly higher yield, whereas the trend in clover abundance was opposite. Nitrogen injection resulted in slightly higher dry matter yields and slightly higher clover abundance as compared to surface fertilization. The N content in the grass-clover mixture was balanced for both types of fertilizer application and did not change significantly with increasing dosage of fertilizer. A slightly higher N content was observed at the Felina hybrid treatments; the dependence of this element on clover abundance in the mixture was set up to 50%.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of surface and injection fertilization on various grass hybrids in grass-clover mixture

Kozlovský¹,

Balík²,

Cerny³

et al. 2010

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…The effect of N fertiliser on clover content in mixed pastures was largely indirect. In clover monocultures which received N fertiliser, growth was usually greater than in clover pastures reliant solely on fixed N (Davidson & Robson 1986). However, in a mixed pasture the grass was usually more efficient at taking up fertiliser N from the soil than legumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high rates of nitrogen fertiliser on white clover growth, morphology, and nitrogen fixation activity in grazed dairy pasture in northern New Zealand

Harris¹,

Clark²

1996

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Nitrogen (N) fertiliser was applied to dairy pastures at nominal rates of 0, 200, or 400 kg N/ha per year on farmlets stocked at 3.24 (LS) or 4.53 (HS) Friesian cows/ha from June 1993 to June 1995. By June 1995, clover contents on farmlets LS200 and LS400 were 10.6 and 2.2%, respectively, compared with 16.8%onfarmletLS0. Most loss of clover on farmlets LS200 and LS400 occurred during the first 6 months of the trial when slow early-spring growth of clover combined with high N responses put clover at a competitive disadvantage. N had a smaller effect on clover content under the high stocking rate because of improved utilisation of N-boosted pasture. By June 1995, there was little difference in clover content between farmlets HS0 (15.4%) and HS200 (14.9) although clover content was lower on farmlet HS400 at 6.8%. The decrease in clover content under N fertiliser on the low-stocked farmlets was confirmed by the decrease in clover plant density and stolon biomass. N fixation activity was consistently higher under no N fertiliser than on either of the low-stocked farmlets which received N. Application of 400 kg N/ha per year had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on clover plant morphology but plants on farmlet LS200 were no different to those on farmlet LS0. Plants on farmlet LS400 had lower stolon length and stolon dry weight (DW), developed fewer axillary buds, and therefore had fewer stolons. Although total leaf DW and number of leaves/plant were lower on A95062 Received 27 September 1995; accepted 21 December 1995 farmlet LS400, values for number of leaves/stolon and individual leaf DW were not significantly different. There were no significant differences between populations in either root number/plant or root DW/plant.

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“… References: 1 Thornley et al. (1991); 2 Davidson and Robson (1986); 3 Johnson et al. (1989); 4 Brown and Blaser (1968); 5 Johnson et al.…”

Section: Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the comparative productivity and profitability of grass and legume systems of silage production in northern Europe

Topp¹,

Doyle²

2004

Grass and Forage Science

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A pre-existing mechanistic model of grass growth, developed to simulate grass production in the UK, was extended to include a variety of grass-legume mixtures and used to predict comparative yields across a range of sites in northern Europe, using experimental data from a series of experiments at fifteen sites. Specifically, predictions were made of the comparative yields of grass (Lolium perenne L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), red clover (T. pratense L.), lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), lotus (Lotus corniculatus L.) and galega (Galega orientalis Lam.). The results indicated that the model could generate simulated differences in yields between forage crops, which accorded with observed rankings. However, the predictions were more accurate for total yields than individual cuts, for a country than for an individual site, and for monocultures than for grasslegume mixtures. Nevertheless, the results appeared sufficiently robust to be used to prepare forecasts of yield productivity in different agro-climatic zones in northern Europe. Using estimates of the production costs and economic values for the forages, it was also possible to assess their comparative profitability.The study indicated that red clover, whether grown singly or in a mixture with grass economically outperformed all silage systems based on pure grass swards, even those receiving 400 kg N ha )1 . White clover and lucerne were also consistently more profitable than grass-based systems, receiving 200 kg N ha )1 . In relative terms, lucerne appeared to be more profitable in the south and east of the region, while white clover outperformed lucerne in the north and west. In the north and east of the region, there was some evidence that galega might also hold promise as a silage crop, but lotus was not found to be viable under north European environmental conditions.

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Effect of Temperature and Nitrogen Supply on the Growth of Perennial Ryegrass and White Clover. 2. A Comparison of Monocultures and Mixed Swards

Cited by 40 publications

References 12 publications

Assessment of surface and injection fertilization on various grass hybrids in grass-clover mixture

Assessment of surface and injection fertilization on various grass hybrids in grass-clover mixture

Effect of high rates of nitrogen fertiliser on white clover growth, morphology, and nitrogen fixation activity in grazed dairy pasture in northern New Zealand

Modelling the comparative productivity and profitability of grass and legume systems of silage production in northern Europe

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