Effect of temperature and host genotype on the production of inoculum by <i>Phytophthora fragariae</i> var. <i>fragariae</i> from the roots of infected strawberry plants

Duncan, J. M.; Kennedy, D. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02711.x

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Inoculated plants showed few visible symptoms of infection when kept at 5 ºC or lower but kept releasing large amounts of inoculum in drainage water, presumably in the form of zoospores, for weeks after the initial inoculation, as assessed with a sensitive bioassay (Duncan and Kennedy, 1994). In contrast at 15 ºC the production of secondary inoculum started much sooner and peaked much earlier than in plants kept at the lower temperatures.…”

Section: Dna-based Detectionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The results were consistent with observations on the effect of temperature on zoospore production from agar discs and on zoospore motility: more zoospores were produced at lower temperatures, and they remained motile for longer. Soil conditions are generally favourable for infection in eastern Scotland between the months of October and March, when soil temperatures of 10 °C are rarely exceeded and when there is an excess of rainfall over evapotranspiration (Duncan and Kennedy, 1994).…”

Section: Temperature Myceliummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogen can also cause limited disease in a small number of other genera within the Rosaceae, e.g. Potentilla (McKeen, 1958a;Pepin, 1967;Duncan and Kennedy, 1994). Other wild Fragaria species are also susceptible, including F. vesca, which is used in the root tip bait test for P. fragariae (Duncan, 1980;EPPO, 2008a).…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oospores were noted in red raspberry but their small size (26.4 µm diameter) must raise suspicion that another Phytophthora species might have been involved. P. idaei is almost ubiquitous in raspberry plants, even in stocks of high health status (Kennedy and Duncan, 1994), and has oospores about the same size.…”

Section: Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study under controlled conditions, Duncan and Kennedy (1994) investigated the effect of temperature on the zoospore production by P. fragariae from the roots of infected strawberry plants. Drainage water from diseased plants was more infective and also infective over a much longer period of time at 2 °C or 8 °C than that from plants at 14 °C or 20 °C, and no infection ever occurred with water from plants held at 26 °C.…”

Section: Temperature Myceliummentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Panel on Plant Health assessed the risk to plant health from Phytophthora fragariae for the European Union and evaluated the current EU legislation and possible risk reduction options. The pest is present in most areas of Europe except southern Mediterranean regions. Entry through the plants for planting, but not seeds, pathway, is assessed as a major pathway, with the probability of entry rated as unlikely and the uncertainty as high. The probability of establishment is likely in the absence of existing disease control practices with low uncertainty. The probability of spread in the absence of a scheme for the production of certified plants for planting is considered to be very likely. With certification, spread is considered to be unlikely to moderately likely, depending on the inclusion of testing for the pathogen as part of certification. These ratings have medium uncertainty. Potential impact is rated as minor with medium uncertainty. The Panel evaluated the effectiveness of current EU legislation regarding the introduction and spread of P. fragariae. According to the regulation the import of Fragaria plants for planting, other than seeds, is prohibited from specified countries, whereas for import of these plants from other countries and for movement of these plants within the EU special requirements with respect to P. fragariae must be fulfilled. If the current legislation specific to P. fragariae were removed, no major consequences would be expected, unless the industry simultaneously ceased its voluntary certification activity. This is largely because of the important level of protection afforded to the industry by the widely used certification schemes for Fragaria, which significantly reduce the risks of entry, establishment, spread and impact. Certification schemes for the movement of Fragaria plants for planting offer the greatest efficiency and feasibility and the least uncertainty, especially if effective detection is incorporated into them. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission (EC), the EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the pest risk of Phytophthora fragariae Hickman var. fragariae for the European Union (EU) territory and to identify risk reduction options and evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the risk to plant health posed by the organism. In particular, the Panel was asked to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the current EU requirements against this organism, which are laid down in Council Directive 2000/29/EC, in reducing the risk of introduction of this pest into, and its spread within, the EU territory.The Panel conducted the pest risk assessment following the general principles of the -Guidance on a harmonised framework for pest risk assessment and the identification and evaluation of pest risk management options‖ (EFSA PLH Panel, 2010) and of the -Guidance on evaluation of risk reduction options‖ (EFSA PLH Panel, 2012). As Phytophthora fragariae Hickman var. fragariae is already present in some EU Me...

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Section: Dna-based Detectionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Temperature Myceliummentioning

confidence: 99%