Effect of Temperature and Cutting on the Growth of Creeping Bentgrass (<i>Agrostis palustris</i> Huds.) Roots<sup>1</sup>

Beard, J. B.; Daniel, William H.

doi:10.2134/agronj1965.00021962005700030006x

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Root fresh weight and specific root length of L‐93 were higher than those of Penncross, indicating that L‐93 had greater volume and surface areas of roots in contact with the soil, which could facilitate water and nutrient uptakes under heat stress. An extensive root system would facilitate increase transpirational cooling and, therefore, affect heat tolerance (Beard and Daniel, 1966; Engelke, 1985; Kolb and Robberecht, 1996; Xu and Huang, 2000a). Engelke (1985) reported that creeping bentgrass cultivars that produce more roots and deeper roots were better able to survive intensive heat because they could use more of the soil moisture reservoir for transpirational cooling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wu and Huff (1983) demonstrated that heat tolerant creeping bentgrass clones had a higher root‐to‐shoot ratio and smaller leaf area and thinner stolons compared with heat sensitive clones. Root growth also is positively associated with the performance of creeping bentgrass during summer because an extensive root system facilitates water uptake, increase transpirational cooling, and therefore affects heat tolerance (Beard and Daniel, 1966; Engelke, 1985; Kolb and Robberecht, 1996).…”

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Morphological and Physiological Characteristics Associated with Heat Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

Huang

2001

Crop Science

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Growth of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) is limited by heat stress during summer. Understanding the morphological and physiological characteristics associated with heat tolerance of creeping bentgrass would facilitate breeding programs in improving those characteristics. The objectives of this experiment were to study responses of single‐leaf photosynthetic capacity, tillering, and root growth to heat stress for two creeping bentgrass cultivars differing in performance under heat stress and to determine the relative importance of these factors in heat tolerance. The cultivars L‐93 (heat tolerant) and Penncross (heat sensitive) were exposed to day/night temperatures of 20/15°C (control) and 35/30°C (heat stress) in growth chambers. Canopy net photosynthetic rate (Pn), single‐leaf Pn, and RuBP carboxylase (Rubisco) activity were reduced by heat stress for both cultivars. Canopy Pn of L‐93 was significantly higher (more than double at 64 d of treatment) than that of Penncross under heat stress. Cultivars were not different in single‐leaf Pn and Rubisco activity under either control or heat stress conditions. High temperature reduced plant density, tiller density, root number, and root fresh weight for both cultivars. L‐93 had higher plant and tiller densities, greater root to tiller ratio, and more and finer roots than Penncross under control and high temperature conditions. The better performance of L‐93 under heat stress was due largely to its morphological characteristics, including tillering and root growth, but was not related to single‐leaf photosynthetic capacity. Narrow leaves, small plants, dense tillers, big root system, and high root‐to‐shoot ratio could be used to select heat tolerant cultivars.

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Morphological and Physiological Characteristics Associated with Heat Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

Huang

2001

Crop Science

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“…The effects of successive defoliations appear to be cumulative. Cessation or retardation of root elongation and root death may occur (Parker and Sampson 1931;Robertson 1933;Peralta 1935;Weaver and Zink 1946;Butler, Greenwood, and Soper 1959;Beard and Daniel 1965;Davidson and Milthorpe 1966). Roots of defoliated plants may be thinner than those of undefoliated plants (Robertson 1933;Biswell and Weaver 1933;Peralta 1935;Beard and Daniel 1965).…”

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confidence: 99%

Root growth ofLolium perennel.

Evans¹

1971

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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ABSTRACIThe responses of roots of Lolium perenne plants subjected to various levels of defoliation and shading were examined.A single defoliation caused a rapid drop in root elongation followed by a more gradual recovery, the most severe defoliation having the greatest effect. Shoot and root weights were reduced, but when root elongation had recovered to the control level the shoot/root ratios did not differ from the controls.Repeated defoliation caused a prolonged depression of root elongation, but some recovery occurred. The most severe treatment resulted in considerable root death.Root elongation of shaded plants at first decreased steadily and then increased.Both defoliation and shading caused increases in the length per unit dry weight of roots.

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“…Antioxidant enzymes including SOD, CATs, POD, and APX scavenge active oxygen species to protect plant cells. although other factors such as high or low soil moisture, high humidity, and disease infection also contribute to Despite the importance of the antioxidant system in this problem (Beard and Daniel, 1965; stress tolerance, few studies have characterized the sea-1998a, 1998b). In turn, CAT, POD, and temperatures increase above the optimal range.…”

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Antioxidant Metabolism Associated with Summer Leaf Senescence and Turf Quality Decline for Creeping Bentgrass

Huang

2004

Crop Science

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photosynthesis under high temperature conditions has been associated with summer bentgrass decline, particu-Turf quality of creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera var. pallarly under low mowing conditions (Liu and Huang, ustris (Huds.) Farw.] often declines during summer months. Whether summer bentgrass decline is associated with oxidative stress is unclear. 2001; Xu and Huang, 2003). The objectives of this study were to investigate seasonal changes of Leaf senescence and damage to cell membranes are antioxidant activities and lipid peroxidation under different mowing typical symptoms of summer bentgrass decline under heights for two creeping bentgrass cultivars (L-93 and Penncross) high temperature conditions, and these have been attribdiffering in heat tolerance and to determine whether such changes uted to lipid peroxidation of cell membranes and the could be associated with turf quality decline during summer. Penncross suppression of antioxidant enzymes (Liu and Huang, and L-93 were grown under USGA-specification putting green condi-2001). Plants exposed to environmental stresses such as tions at the Turfgrass Research Center at Manhattan, KS, in 1999 heat, cold, drought, and salinity produce active oxygen and 2000. Turf was mowed every day at 3 mm or 4 mm. Turf quality, species such as superoxide radical ( · O 2 Ϫ ), hydrogen perleaf chlorophyll (CHL), and protein content declined while electrolyte oxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl free radical ( · OH), and singlet leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation increased from May to July through September for both cultivars at both mowing heights. Activi-oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) (Scandalios, 1993; Zhang and Kirkham, ties of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxi-1996). Those active oxygen species are highly cytotoxic dase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased from May and can react with unsaturated fatty acids to cause perto July when temperatures increased from optimum (Ͻ20؇C) to modoxidation of essential membrane lipids in plasmalemma erate level (≈26؇C), then declined to the lowest level in August when and intercellular organelles (Scandalios, 1993). Malontemperature reached the highest level (Ͼ30؇C), and recovered by dialdehyde (MDA) is the product of membrane lipid October. Similar seasonal patterns of antioxidant activities were obperoxidation. Increasing MDA content in plant cells served for both cultivars and mowing heights. In conclusion, summerindicates damage of cell membranes (Scandalios, 1993; bentgrass decline was related to the decline in antioxidant activities Zhang and Kirkham, 1996), which can lead to inhibition and lipid peroxidation. Both cultivars were able to acclimate to inof photosynthesis and respiration processes, and thus creasing temperatures by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes to scavenge active oxygen species in the early summer, but lost plant growth. Plant cells are protected against the attack the scavenging ability by midsummer.

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Effect of Temperature and Cutting on the Growth of Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) Roots¹

Cited by 41 publications

References 2 publications

Morphological and Physiological Characteristics Associated with Heat Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

Morphological and Physiological Characteristics Associated with Heat Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

Root growth ofLolium perennel.

Antioxidant Metabolism Associated with Summer Leaf Senescence and Turf Quality Decline for Creeping Bentgrass

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Effect of Temperature and Cutting on the Growth of Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) Roots1

Cited by 41 publications

References 2 publications

Morphological and Physiological Characteristics Associated with Heat Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

Morphological and Physiological Characteristics Associated with Heat Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

Root growth ofLolium perennel.

Antioxidant Metabolism Associated with Summer Leaf Senescence and Turf Quality Decline for Creeping Bentgrass

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Product

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Effect of Temperature and Cutting on the Growth of Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) Roots¹