Effect of tellurium on the nucleation process of spheroidal graphite in cast iron

Metastable versus stable solidification of silicon cast irons, effects of magnesium and tellurium

“…Nodule count was also found higher on the samples cast with addition of Se as compared with the same sample without addition and the authors concluded that addition of Se triggers the formation of graphite nuclei. Similarly, Te has been found in graphite nuclei, associated with Mn and S and some limited amounts of Mg and Ce [32] or with oxygen and rare earths [48]. Tsutsumi et al [17] mention also Japanese works that have reported Mn-S-Te compounds and oxides acting as nuclei in Te-doped cast irons.…”