Effect of Technological Innovation on Gender Roles: The Case of Fruit Fly IPM Adoption on Women’s Decision-Making in Mango Production and Marketing in Kenya

Gichungi, Hannah; Muriithi, Beatrice; Irungu, Patrick; Diiro, Gracious; Busienei, John R.

doi:10.1057/s41287-020-00282-z

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…benefiting men and leaving women worse off. The effects of new and improved technology for integrated pest management to suppress fruit flies and maintain mango production in Kenya's Machakos County led to a decrease in women's decisionmaking capacity within the household on mango production and marketing (Gichungi et al, 2020).…”

Section: ) Moreover Gender-blind Interventions Can End Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of gender in agricultural and pastoral livelihoods based on selected countries in west and east Africa

Vincent

2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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This scoping paper presents the results of a review of the landscape of research on gender and agricultural and pastoral livelihoods in select countries in west and east Africa (Burkina Faso, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, and Uganda) published over 5 years (January 2016–March 2021). A keyword search of the Scopus database gave rise to an ultimate dataset of 169 papers which were coded for geographical location, approaches to gender, and theme based on inductive identification of clusters of research. There has been an increase in the number of published papers but there is an uneven geographical distribution of research. Studies vary in the way they treat gender: with an almost even split between modeling-based studies, where gender is one of many variables to be correlated with, or to determine, an outcome (e.g., poverty—for example, as a dummy variable in regressions); and studies where the expressed aim is to look at gender differences, whether through the gender of an individual or the gender of a household head. Clusters of papers look at gender differences in assets, health, perceptions of environmental degradation, agricultural perceptions and outcomes, and climate change perceptions, vulnerability, and adaptation. There is also a number of papers exploring women's empowerment, including intra-household decision making. Intersectional approaches have been employed both through modeling studies and through more in-depth qualitative studies that are able to trace changes in identity over time, and the implications therein. The household and household headship have remained common entry points and units of analysis, despite known critiques. The results highlight a need to address geographical gaps in gender research, expand the evidence base of intersectional approaches, explore other aspects of social inequality, and expand more innovative methodological studies.

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Section: ) Moreover Gender-blind Interventions Can End Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of gender in agricultural and pastoral livelihoods based on selected countries in west and east Africa

Vincent

2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…IPM is a decision-based process involving the coordinated use of multiple different techniques to effectively manage pests [9]. icipe's fruit fly IPM package consists of five Sustainability 2023, 15, 1891 2 of 16 components; the male annihilation technique, spot spraying of food bait, Metarhizium anisopliae-based bio-pesticide application, releases of the parasitoid, and use of orchard sanitation [10][11][12]. The male annihilation technique (MAT) entails the use of pheromones combined with toxicants to reduce the male fruit fly population [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major direct benefits are: reduced expenditure on pesticides; higher yields and income from mangoes; decrease in mango losses; and reduced negative effects on human health and the environment [6,7,10]. Some of the indirect benefits are improved household diets and women's empowerment from higher incomes [11,12]. In spite of the direct and indirect benefits from the adoption of fruit fly IPM, it has been found that some farmers make the decision to dis-adopt the technology; e.g., Wangithi et al [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though a significant portion of the literature on technology adoption has focused on factors influencing adoption, there exists limited evidence on the factors influencing technology dis-adoption, since most studies have treated dis-adopters as nonadopters [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15]17]. Similarly, there is limited information on fruit fly IPM dis-adoption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wangithi et al [8] assessed the determinants of fruit fly IPM dis-adoption in Kenya using cross-sectional data, but did not fully examine the drivers of adoption or explore the dynamics of adoption. In addition, previous studies on fruit fly IPM adoption [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15]17] have not considered IPM-technology-specific factors, such as cost of IPM, quality of IPM, and unavailability of IPM when assessing the determinants of adoption of the technology. This study fills these gaps by assessing the determinants of fruit fly IPM adoption, as well as their dis-adoption using duration analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices in the Suppression of Mango Fruit Fly Infestation: Evidence from Embu County, Kenya

et al. 2023

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This study evaluates the drivers of the adoption and dis-adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices in the suppression of mango fruit-fly infestation in Embu County, Kenya. It employs a Correlated Random Effects Probit Model and a Discrete-time Proportional Hazard Model on two-wave panel data of 149 mango farmers selected using a cluster sampling technique. The descriptive results show that 59% and 17% of the respondents were adopters and dis-adopters of mango fruit fly IPM practices, respectively. Empirical findings reveal that the cost of IPM and training on IPM positively and significantly influenced adoption, while the unavailability of the technology had a negative and significant effect on adoption. For dis-adoption, the results indicate that farm size and the quality of IPM positively influenced the hazard of exit from IPM use, and hence, enhanced the sustained adoption of IPM. The study recommends capacity building for mango farmers through training and increased access to extension services to enhance the adoption of this technology and prevent dis-adoption.

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Value chain interventions for improving women's economic empowerment: A mixed‐methods systematic review and meta‐analysis

Malhotra,

Mantri,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundValue chain interventions have become widespread throughout the international development sector over the last 20 years, and there is a need to evaluate their effectiveness in improving women's welfare across multiple dimensions. Agricultural value chains are influenced by socio‐cultural norms and gender dynamics that have an impact on the distribution of resources, benefits, and access to opportunities. While women play a critical role in agriculture, they are generally confined to the least‐valued parts of the value chain with the lowest economic returns, depending on the local, social and institutional contexts.ObjectivesThe review assesses the effectiveness of approaches, strategies and interventions focused on women's engagement in agricultural value chains that lead to women's economic empowerment in low‐ and middle‐income countries. It explores the contextual barriers and facilitators that determine women's participation in value chains and ultimately impact their effectiveness.Search MethodsWe searched completed and on‐going studies from Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection (Social Sciences Citation Index [SSCI], Science Citation Index Expanded [SCI‐EXPANDED], Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science [CPCI‐S], Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Social Science & Humanities [CPCI‐SSH], and Emerging Sources Citation Index [ESCI]), International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, EconLit, Business Source Premier, APA PsycInfo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane, Database of Systematic Reviews, CAB Abstracts and Sociological Abstracts. We also searched relevant websites such as Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers (CGIAR); the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD); AgriProFocus; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF); Donor Committee for Enterprise Development; the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO); the International Labour Organisation (ILO); the Netherlands Development Organisation; USAID; the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation; the International Food Policy Research Institute; World Agroforestry; the International Livestock Research Institute; the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office; the British Library for Development Studies (BLDS); AGRIS; the IMMANA grant database; the 3ie impact evaluation database; Innovations for Poverty Action (IPA); The Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J‐PAL); the World Bank IEG evaluations; the USAID Development Data Library; Experience Clearinghouse; the proceedings of the Agriculture, Nutrition and Health Academy conference; the proceedings of the Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE) Conference; the proceedings of the North East Universities Development Consortium (NEUDC) Conference; and the World Bank Economic Review. The database search was conducted in March 2022, and the website search was completed in August 2022.Selection CriteriaThe review includes value chain interventions evaluating the economic empowerment outcomes. The review includes effectiveness studies (experimental and non‐experimental studies with a comparison group) and process evaluations.Data Collection and AnalysisTwo review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data, critically appraised the studies, and synthesised findings.ResultsWe found that value chain interventions are successful in improving the economic conditions of their intended beneficiaries. The interventions were found to improve women's economic outcomes such as income, assets holdings, productivity, and savings, but these effects were small in size and limited by low confidence in methodological quality. The meta‐analysis suggests that this occurs more via the acquisition of skills and improved inputs, rather than through improvement in access to profitable markets. The qualitative evidence on interventions points to the persistence of cultural barriers and other constraints. Those interventions implemented in Sub‐Saharan Africa and South Asia are consistently more successful for all outcomes considered, although there are few studies conducted in other areas of the world.ConclusionsThe review concludes that value chain interventions empower women, but perhaps to a lesser extent than expected. Economic empowerment does not immediately translate into empowerment within families and communities. Interventions should either moderate their expectations of empowerment goals, or they should be implemented in a way that ensures higher rates of participation among women and the acquisition of greater decision‐making power.

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Effect of Technological Innovation on Gender Roles: The Case of Fruit Fly IPM Adoption on Women’s Decision-Making in Mango Production and Marketing in Kenya

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

A review of gender in agricultural and pastoral livelihoods based on selected countries in west and east Africa

A review of gender in agricultural and pastoral livelihoods based on selected countries in west and east Africa

Determinants of Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Integrated Pest Management Practices in the Suppression of Mango Fruit Fly Infestation: Evidence from Embu County, Kenya

Value chain interventions for improving women's economic empowerment: A mixed‐methods systematic review and meta‐analysis

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