Effect of taurine on ethanol-induced sleeping time in mice.

Iida, Satoshi; Hikichi, Masahiro

doi:10.15288/jsa.1976.37.19

Cited by 33 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This finding has been confirmed by one group of investigators (Boggan et ul. 1978) but not by another (Iwata et al 1980). In our experiment neither taurine nor N-pivaloyltaurine shortened the pentobarbitone sleeping time.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

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Comparison of Central Nervous System Actions of Taurine and N–Pivaloyltaurine

Ahtee

Auvinen

Mäenpää

et al. 1985

Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica

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N-Acetyl, N-propionyl, and N-pivaloyl derivatives of taurine were synthesized by applying a modified Schotten-Bauman method starting from taurine and using the corresponding acid chloride or acid anhydride for direct acylation reactions. The central nervous system actions of these lipid soluble taurine derivatives, which were presumed to pass the blood-brain barrier, were studied and compared to those of taurine in mice. A large dose (15 mmol/kg) of intraperitoneally administered taurine lengthened the pentobarbitone induced sleep by 30%. N-Pivaloyltaurine was 45 times more potent but not more effective than taurine. Neither N-acetyl- nor N-propionyltaurine lengthened the pentobarbitone induced sleep in doses up to 3 mmol/kg. Intraperitoneally administered N-pivaloyltaurine depressed the locomotor activity in a smaller dose and for a longer period than taurine. However, when administered intracerebroventricularly neither N-acetyl- nor N-pivaloyltaurine altered the locomotor activity in three times larger dose than in which taurine clearly depressed it. Intraperitoneally administered N-pivaloyltaurine decreased the rectal temperature slightly more than taurine, whereas intracerebroventricularly administered taurine was clearly more potent in inducing hypothermia than its acyl derivatives. Intraperitoneally administered N-pivaloyltaurine was about three times more potent than taurine in increasing the striatal concentration of dopamine. Intraperitoneally administered N-pivaloyltaurine only in a very large dose (3 X 15 mmol/kg) slightly and transiently increased the cerebral taurine concentration. Carboxylesterase inhibition by bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (BNPP) did not modify this increase. Furthermore, BNPP pretreatment modified neither the hypothermic nor the striatal dopamine concentration elevating effects of N-pivaloyltaurine. Our results suggest that N-pivaloyltaurine possesses taurine-like pharmacological actions. It is not converted to taurine to produce these actions. When administered intracerebroventricularly it is less potent than taurine. However, when administered intraperitoneally it is more potent than taurine because it seems to pass the blood-brain-barrier more easily than taurine. Thus N-pivaloyltaurine could be used to study the behavioural and other central nervous system actions of taurine.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…1979 and unpublished results). Intraperitoneally administered taurine in very small doses of 15 to 80 mg/kg (0.124.64 mmol/kg) has been reported to shorten ethanol-induced sleeping time in mice (Iida & Hikichi 1976). This finding has been confirmed by one group of investigators (Boggan et ul.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Comparison of Central Nervous System Actions of Taurine and N–Pivaloyltaurine

Ahtee

Auvinen

Mäenpää

et al. 1985

Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica

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“…However, many findings on taurine and ethanol interactions have been contradictory. For instance, in behavioural studies taurine pretreatment has reduced the duration of ethanol-induced sleep-time and attenuated the loss of righting reflex [44,45], not altered the ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex [46] or even enhanced it [41]. It seems that interactions of taurine and ethanol in the brain depend largely on the experimental set-up and the doses of ethanol and taurine administered [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection by taurine in ethanol-induced apoptosis in the developing cerebellum

et al. 2010

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BackgroundAcute ethanol administration leads to massive apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing central nervous system. We studied whether taurine is neuroprotective in ethanol-induced apoptosis in the mouse cerebellum during the postnatal period.MethodsThe mice were divided into three groups: ethanol-treated, ethanol+taurine-treated and controls. Ethanol (20% solution) was administered subcutaneously at a total dose of 5 g/kg (2.5 g/kg at time 1 h and 2.5 g/kg at 3 h) to the ethanol and ethanol+taurine groups. The ethanol+taurine group also received two injections of taurine (1 g/kg each, at time zero and at 4 h). To estimate apoptosis, immunostaining for activated caspase-3 and TUNEL staining were made in the mid-sagittal sections containing lobules I-X of the cerebellar vermis at 12 or 8 hours after the first taurine injection. Changes in the blood taurine level were monitored at each hour by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).ResultsEthanol administration induced apoptosis of Purkinje cells on P4 in all cerebellar lobules, most extensively in lobules IX and X, and on P7 increased the number of activated caspase-3-immunoreactive and TUNEL-positive cells in the internal layer of the cerebellum. Administration of taurine significantly decreased the number of activated caspase-3-immunoreactive and TUNEL-positive cells in the internal layer of the cerebellum on P7, but had no effect on Purkinje cells in P4 mice. The high initial taurine concentration in blood of the ethanol+taurine group diminished dramatically during the experiment, not being different at 13 h from that in the controls.ConclusionsWe conclude that the neuroprotective action of taurine is not straightforward and seems to be different in different types of neurons and/or requires prolonged maintenance of the high taurine concentration in blood plasma.

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“…Further, taurine administration did not result in ataxia or loss of righting reflex at any dose tested. In light of the relatively large doses administered, this is surprising given the findings of others (Iida and Hikichi, 1976;Barbeau et al, 1975). It remains possible that peripherally administered taurine did not cross into the central nervous system, however taurine from the periphery does cross the blood-brain barrier via an active uptake mechanism (Lahdesmaki and Oja, 1973;Tamai et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, similar doses of taurine (30,45, and 60 mg/kg) enhance the stimulant effect of 2.0 g/kg ethanol. Several studies have reported that taurine (30-80 mg/kg) reduces the duration of ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex, however a putative taurine antagonist does not alter this effect (Iida and Hikichi, 1976;Boggan et al, 1978;Ferko, 1987). Currently, there are no reported studies of ataxic effects of ethanol-taurine interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine and ethanol interactions: Behavioral effects in mice

Ginsburg¹,

Lamb²

2008

European Journal of Pharmacology

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Taurine is an abundant amino acid in the brain that shares pharmacological effects and similar potency with ethanol. Recently, taurine-containing beverages have been reported to enhance the euphoric effects of ethanol, though the extent of this effect and the role of taurine remain speculative. The present study was designed to explore interactions between taurine and ethanol on several behaviors including locomotion, ataxia, and loss of righting. Two strains of mice, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, were used to examine potential strain differences. In the first experiment, effects of various doses of taurine (0.3-3.0 g/kg), ethanol (1.0-4.2 g/kg), or taurine in combination with ethanol were assessed in a within-subjects design. Although taurine did not appear to alter effects of ethanol on any measure in either strain, the development of tolerance to locomotor effects and sensitization to ataxic effects of ethanol in DBA/2J mice complicated interpretation of these results. In a second experiment, drug-naïve mice were assigned to one of four treatment groups: saline+saline, saline+ethanol (1.78 g/kg), taurine (1.78 g/kg)+saline, or ethanol+taurine. In this experiment, taurine pretreatment significantly attenuated the locomotor-stimulating effect of ethanol in both strains (but to a greater extent in C57BL/6J mice) and appeared to reduce the ataxic effects of ethanol in C57BL/6J mice. In conclusion, the interaction between taurine and ethanol is subtle. Further, results are inconsistent with the notion that taurine plays a major role in the locomotor, ataxic, or loss of righting effects of ethanol.

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Effect of taurine on ethanol-induced sleeping time in mice.

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Comparison of Central Nervous System Actions of Taurine and N–Pivaloyltaurine

Comparison of Central Nervous System Actions of Taurine and N–Pivaloyltaurine

Neuroprotection by taurine in ethanol-induced apoptosis in the developing cerebellum

Taurine and ethanol interactions: Behavioral effects in mice

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