Effect of taurine on cell proliferation and apoptosis human lung cancer A549 cells

Abstract

To investigate the effects of taurine on cell proliferation and apoptosis, the human lung cancer A549 cell line and xenograft tumors in nude mice were used. The effects of taurine on cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed at time points of 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment using an MTT assay to detect the survival rate, and flow cytometry to detect the apoptotic rate. Western blot analysis was performed to examine the levels of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), BCL2, apoptosis regulator (Bcl-2) and BCL2-associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax) in A549 cells. The level of PUMA, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in the mouse xenograft tumors treated with taurine and/or exogenous PUMA were assessed by immunohistochemistry, with taurine suppressing the proliferation of the human lung cancer A549 cell line in a concentration-dependent manner, and it significantly enhanced the apoptosis rate at all concentrations. Taurine induced the significant upregulation of PUMA and Bax, but led to downregulation of Bcl-2. In comparison to the control group, taurine treatment markedly reduced the volume and weight of A549-derived xenograft tumors in nude mice. Expression of PUMA and Bax were upregulated in the xenograft tumors following taurine treatment, whereas Bcl-2 was downregulated. In addition, the inhibitory effect of taurine and exogenous PUMA on tumor growth was significantly higher than that of a single treatment of taurine or exogenous PUMA. It can therefore be concluded that taurine can inhibit cell proliferation of the human lung cancer A549 cell line and the growth of the xenograft tumors, whereas PUMA serves an important role in taurine-induced growth suppression.

Defining Metabolic Rewiring in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Cysteine metabolism partly fed into increases in hypotaurine and taurine in SCC samples. This was unlike decreases observed in taurine in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, which allowed us to conclude that taurine can inhibit cell proliferation [50], or that levels of taurine are reduced in patients with breast cancer [51]. Additionally, cysteine fed into glutathione production excess of the latter promotes tumour progression, where high levels are correlated with increased metastasis [52].…”

“…Choline is a marker for lipid processing and was key network node in our analyses (Figure 4). Abnormalities in choline metabolism are emerging as a metabolic hallmark of oncogenesis and tumour progression [50]. Increases in cholesterol are components of increased lipid biosynthesis to support the production of membranes [56].…”

Role of taurine, its haloamines and its lncRNA TUG1 in both inflammation and cancer progression. On the road to therapeutics? (Review)

“…Taurine functions as a redox-directed agent to specifically target tumor cells, raising the possibilities to achieve drug selectivity without off-target toxicity. Several cases have proved that taurine displays strong growth-inhibitory effect on multiple cancer types including colon cancer ( 42 , 43 ), lung cancer ( 44 ), hepatocarcinoma ( 30 ), pancreatic cancer ( 45 ), glioma ( 46 ), melanoma ( 47 ) breast cancer ( 48 - 51 ), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) ( 52 ), prostate cancer ( 53 , 54 ) and ovarian cancer ( 55 , 56 ).…”

Design, synthesis, cytotoxic activity, and apoptosis inducing effects of 4- and N-substituted benzoyltaurinamide derivatives

“…In the last step, various benzoic acids were treated with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole and diisopropylethylamine in dry acetonitrile, and aqueous solutions of the deprotected derivatives D1-D4 were subsequently added to the respective reaction mixtures. The final compounds (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) were achieved in yields of 22-83%, as described in the experimental section. All compounds were characterized via H and 13 C NMR, ESI-MS, ATR FT-IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.…”

“…Taurine exhibits anticancer activity via the elevation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression levels and BAX/Bcl-2 ratios [11,12]. It also induces apoptosis in human colon or breast cancer cell lines and has been reportedly used as a biomarker for breast and bladder cancer [13,14].…”