Effect of taurine and potential interactions with caffeine on cardiovascular function

Schaffer, Stephen W.; Shimada, Kayoko; Jong, Chian Ju; Ito, Takashi; Azuma, Junichi; Takahashi, Kyoko

doi:10.1007/s00726-014-1708-0

Cited by 53 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…); thus leading to the European Union's Scientific Committee on Food to summarize that, in relation to the cardiovascular effects of energy drinks, “if there are any interactions between caffeine and taurine, taurine might reduce the cardiovascular effects of caffeine” (Scientific Committee on Food; European Commission ) (for a recent review of evidence, see Schaffer et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the present study was not designed to test this hypothesis, our findings showing very similar hemodynamic pathways being influenced by sfRB and W + caff, suggest it is unlikely that taurine was responsible for, or enhanced, the pressor effect of RB. On the contrary, taurine has been shown to decrease both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Fujita et al 1987), and, at a population level, dietary taurine is associated with decreased risk of CVD (Yamori et al 2010); thus leading to the European Union's Scientific Committee on Food to summarize that, in relation to the cardiovascular effects of energy drinks, "if there are any interactions between caffeine and taurine, taurine might reduce the cardiovascular effects of caffeine" (Scientific Committee on Food; European Commission 2003) (for a recent review of evidence, see Schaffer et al 2014). While a sugar-only test was not included in the present study, recent work in this laboratory (Grasser et al 2014a) has shown no change in BP following ingestion of 60 g of sucrose (1.59 the sugar content contained within the volume of RB investigated here), thereby suggesting that the acute BP-elevating effect of RB is likely to be due to an interaction between sugar and caffeine on the hemodynamic system rather than sugar per se.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The blood pressure-elevating effect of Red Bull energy drink is mimicked by caffeine but through different hemodynamic pathways

et al. 2015

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The energy drink Red Bull (RB) has recently been shown to elevate resting blood pressure (BP) and double product (reflecting increased myocardial load). However, the extent to which these effects can be explained by the drink's caffeine and sugar content remains to be determined. We compared the cardiovascular impact of RB to those of a comparable amount of caffeine, and its sugar-free version in eight young healthy men. Participants attended four experimental sessions on separate days according to a placebo-controlled randomized crossover study design. Beat-to-beat hemodynamic measurements were made continuously for 30 min at baseline and for 2 h following ingestion of 355 mL of either (1) RB + placebo; (2) sugar-free RB + placebo; (3) water + 120 mg caffeine, or (4) water + placebo. RB, sugar-free RB, and water + caffeine increased BP equally (3–4 mmHg) in comparison to water + placebo (P < 0.001). RB increased heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, double product, and cardiac contractility, but decreased total peripheral resistance (TPR) (all P < 0.01), with no such changes observed following the other interventions. Conversely, sugar-free RB and water + caffeine both increased TPR in comparison to the water + placebo control (P < 0.05). While the impact of RB on BP is the same as that of a comparable quantity of caffeine, the increase occurs through different hemodynamic pathways with RB's effects primarily on cardiac parameters, while caffeine elicits primarily vascular effects. Additionally, the auxiliary components of RB (taurine, glucuronolactone, and B-group vitamins) do not appear to influence these pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The blood pressure-elevating effect of Red Bull energy drink is mimicked by caffeine but through different hemodynamic pathways

et al. 2015

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“…Several authors proposed to athletes a diet supplement of 2-4 g of taurine to fight against sleep-inducing effect of intense eccentric contractions [148][149][150]. In opposition to previous authors, other scientists did not confirm any potential positive effects of ß-alanine in healthy athletes [151][152][153][154].…”

Section: A) Classical Protein Feedingmentioning

confidence: 88%

Protein metabolism and physical training: any need for amino acid supplementation?

Poortmans

Carpentier

2016

Nutrire

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Muscle mass is the major deposit of protein molecules with dynamic turnover between net protein synthesis and degradation. In human subjects, invasive and non-invasive techniques have been applied to determine their skeletal muscle catabolism of amino acids at rest, during and after different forms of physical exercise and training. The aim of this review is to analyse the turnover flux and the relative oxidation rate of different types of muscle proteins after one bout of exercise as well as after resistance and endurance condition of training. Protein feeding in athletes appears to be a crucial nutrition necessity to promote the maintenance of muscle mass and its adaptation to the need imposed by the imposed technical requirements. In resting human individuals, the recommended protein daily allowance is about 0.8 g (dry weight) kg −1 body weight per 24 h knowing that humans are unable to accumulate protein stores in muscle tissues. Nevertheless, practical feeding recommendations related to regular exercise practice are proposed to athletes by different bodies in order to foster their skills and performance. This review will examine the results obtained under endurance and resistance type of exercise while consuming single or repeated doses of various ingestions of protein products (full meat, essential amino acids, specific amino acids and derivatives, vegetarian food). From the scientific literature, it appears that healthy athletes (and heavy workers) should have a common diet of 1.25 g kg −1 24 h to compensate the exercise training muscle protein degradation and their resynthesis within the following hours. A nitrogen-balance assay would be recommended to avoid any excessive intake of protein. Eventually, a daily equilibrated food intake would be of primer importance versus inadequate absorption of some specific by-products.

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“…Taurine, l ‐carnitine, and panax ginseng are some additives found in energy drinks and have conflicting physiologic effects. The preponderance of evidence suggests taurine is more likely an antiarrhythmic than a proarrhythmic . A correlation between l ‐carnitine deficiency and short QT syndrome has been postulated .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized Controlled Trial of High‐Volume Energy Drink Versus Caffeine Consumption on ECG and Hemodynamic Parameters

Fletcher

Lacey

Aaron

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundCaffeine in doses <400 mg is typically not considered arrhythmogenic, but little is known about the additional ingredients in energy drinks. We evaluated the ECG and blood pressure (BP) effects of high‐volume energy drink consumption compared with caffeine alone.Methods and ResultsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, controlled, crossover study in 18 young, healthy volunteers. Participants consumed either 946 mL (32 ounces) of energy drink or caffeinated control drink, both of which contained 320 mg of caffeine, separated by a 6‐day washout period. ECG, peripheral BP, and central BP measurements were obtained at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours post study drink consumption. The time‐matched, baseline‐adjusted changes were compared. The change in corrected QT interval from baseline in the energy drink arm was significantly higher than the caffeine arm at 2 hours (0.44±18.4 ms versus −10.4±14.8 ms, respectively; P=0.02). The QTc changes were not different at other time points. While both the energy drink and caffeine arms raised systolic BP in a similar fashion initially, the systolic BP was significantly higher at 6 hours when compared with the caffeine arm (4.72±4.67 mm Hg versus 0.83±6.09 mm Hg, respectively; P=0.01). Heart rate, diastolic BP, central systolic BP, and central diastolic BP showed no evidence of a difference between groups at any time point. Post energy drink, augmentation index was lower at 6 hours.ConclusionsThe corrected QT interval and systolic BP were significantly higher post high‐volume energy drink consumption when compared with caffeine alone. Larger clinical trials validating these findings and evaluation of noncaffeine ingredients within energy drinks are warranted.Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02023723.

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Effect of taurine and potential interactions with caffeine on cardiovascular function

Cited by 53 publications

References 114 publications

The blood pressure-elevating effect of Red Bull energy drink is mimicked by caffeine but through different hemodynamic pathways

The blood pressure-elevating effect of Red Bull energy drink is mimicked by caffeine but through different hemodynamic pathways

Protein metabolism and physical training: any need for amino acid supplementation?

Randomized Controlled Trial of High‐Volume Energy Drink Versus Caffeine Consumption on ECG and Hemodynamic Parameters

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