Effect of Task-Relevant Cues and State Anxiety on Motor Performance

Hardy, Lew; Mullen, Richard; Martin, Nikki A.

doi:10.2466/pms.2001.92.3.943

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Eysenck & Calvo, 1992;Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos, & Calvo, 2007;Hardy, Mullen, & Martin, 2001;Hill, Hanton, Matthews, & Fleming, 2010a;Mullen, Hardy, & Tattersall, 2005;Oudejans, Kuijpers, Kooijman, & Bakker, 2011) suggest that choking occurs because attention shifts from task-relevant to irrelevant cues as a result of heightened anxiety. Athletes who experience choking become distracted easily, resulting in the athlete disregarding important task-relevant cues.…”

Section: Distraction Model Of Choking and Distraction-based Interventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attention could shift from task-relevant cues to internal distractions (e.g. worries about the score in a close game and its consequences), which exceed a threshold of attentional capacity, thereby diminishing the potential attentional space for high-level performance to occur (Hardy et al, 2001;Mullen et al, 2005). Alternatively, external distractions (e.g.…”

Section: Distraction Model Of Choking and Distraction-based Interventmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choking interventions in sports: A systematic review

Gröpel

Mesagno

2017

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Choking under pressure describes suboptimal sport performance in stressful situations, which has led to two fundamental 'choking' models: distraction and self-focus. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of empirical studies that have tested interventions used to alleviate choking. The systematic review includes 47 empirical studies published up to April 2017, including experimental, quasi-experimental, and single-case studies with athletes. These studies encompassed a variety of interventions (n = 13) that were either distraction based or self-focus based. In addition, a third group -acclimatisation interventions -was identified. The results indicate that, in general, choking interventions based on both choking models and on acclimatisation provide a benefit to performance under pressure. The most reported effective interventions were pre-performance routines, quiet eye training, left-hand contractions, and acclimatisation training. The use of dual task was beneficial for performance under pressure but harmful when used in training. Mixed evidence was found for analogy learning, and null effects were reported for goal setting, neurofeedback training, and reappraisal cues. These results may help athletes and coaches select and implement effective strategies and methods to improve performance under pressure. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Distraction Model Of Choking and Distraction-based Interventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distraction Model Of Choking and Distraction-based Interventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choking interventions in sports: A systematic review

Gröpel

Mesagno

2017

International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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show abstract

“…More durable means better retention in terms of better task 56 performance over time. Robustness is the resilience against fatigue (Masters, 57 Poolton, & Maxwell, 2008a;Masters, Poolton, & Maxwell, 2008b;Poolton, 58 Masters, & Maxwell, 2007a) and stress (Hardy, Mullen, & Jones, 1996; 59 Mullen, & Martin, 2001;Masters, Poolton, Maxwell et al, 2008;Ong, Bowcock, & 60 Hodges, 2010).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel methods of instruction in ACL injury prevention programs, a systematic review

Benjaminse

Welling

Otten

et al. 2015

Physical Therapy in Sport

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“…C'est notamment l'hypothèse des processus conscients (« conscious processing hypothesis ») soutenue par Masters (1992). Hardy, Mullen et Martin (2001) ont examiné l'hypothèse de la distraction et l'hypothèse des processus conscients en demandant à des experts en trampoline de se concentrer sur des connaissances explicites pertinentes liées au processus, énoncées par l'entraîneur, pour réaliser leur action, et ce, dans deux conditions expérimentales de haute et basse pression. Les résultats supportent l'hypothèse des processus conscients : la combinaison d'une situation de haute pression avec l'énonciation de connaissances explicites sur la tâche affecterait la performance motrice.…”

Section: L'étude Des Contre-performances Sous L'effet De La Pressionunclassified